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特色农业赋能乡村振兴的可行路径和支持政策
The Feasible Path and Supporting Policy for Rural Revitalization Enabled by Featured Agriculture
特色农业是建立在区域资源比较优势基础上的优势农业、高效农业和品牌农业, 是推进农业现代化发展、促进农民增收、建设农业强国的重要抓手。厘清了特色农业的内涵, 指出其区域独特性、技术先进性、产业集聚性、市场风险性等基本属性, 并梳理了中国特色农业发展的现状和挑战。当前中国特色农业发展成效显著, 特色农业逐渐做精做大做强, 特色农业产业集群已初步形成；但中国特色农业发展仍受生产规模较小、产品特点不明显、投资渠道较少、产业链较短等因素制约。因此, 通过推动特色农业产业化发展、吸引鼓励精英人才下乡、发挥多元主体带动作用、挖掘乡村文化内涵、树立生态绿色发展理念等路径；并从健全特色农产品市场体系、健全投融资机制、健全技术支撑体系、健全风险规避机制等方面设计支持政策, 有助于正确把握和推动各地区特色农业产业发展, 高效实现特色农业赋能乡村振兴。
Featured Agriculture is advantageous agriculture, high-efficiency agriculture and brand agriculture based on the comparative advantages of regional resources, and is an important grasp to promote the development of agricultural modernization, promote farmers' income and build a strong agricultural country. This paper clarifies the meaning of featured agriculture, points out that featured agriculture has such basic attributes as regional uniqueness, advanced technology, industrial agglomeration and market risk, and sorts out the current situation and challenges of the development of featured agriculture in China. At present, the development of China's featured agriculture is effective, featured agriculture is gradually becoming more refined and stronger, and special agricultural industry clusters have been initially formed; however the development of China's featured agriculture is still constrained by small production scale, inconspicuous product characteristics, fewer investment channels and shorter industrial chains. Therefore, through promoting the development of featured agricultural industrialization, attracting and encouraging the elite to the countryside, giving play to the driving role of multiple subjects, excavating the connotation of rural culture, and establishing the concept of ecological and green development and other paths, we shall design supporting policies from the aspects of perfecting the market system of featured agricultural products, the investment and financing mechanism, the technical support system, and the risk avoidance mechanism, and correctly grasp and promote the development of featured agricultural industries in all regions to effectively realize the rural revitalization enabled by featured agriculture.
特色农业 / 乡村振兴 / 可行路径 {{custom_keyword}} /
featured agriculture / rural revitalization / the feasible path {{custom_keyword}} /
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The modernisation of agriculture has been, and continues to be, the cause of an increasing disconnection between farming, nature, and society. This has given rise to a series of social, economic, and ecological crises in the food chain. Some farmers are responding to this by adjusting their land-use and farming practices so as to make their farms more sustainable. But such changes need to be aligned with the specificities of the local bio-physical environment and the logic of the political economic environment. This article highlights how cooperative approaches allow public and private regulatory systems to support ecological transitions. Through a theoretical lens on place-based and restorative farming practices it analyses and interprets three complementary cooperative approaches as possible starting points for the transition towards a more sustainable agri-food system. The case studies show how farmers cooperatives can be either linked to the environment and to public policies (and thus extrinsic product quality), or to the market (and intrinsic product quality), or a combination of both. These links provide competitive advantages to farmers, and enable them to increase income from farming. We then discuss the effectiveness of these forms of self-governance, and how cooperative approaches, if well organised and implemented and appropriately embedded, can empower farmers to further change and adapt their farming practices so as to restore and improve their endogenous resource base. The analysis shows that while they are place-specific they are far from locally/regionally-bounded and that their success (or failure) critically depends on their alignment with national, supra-national and global actants.
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