为黑线姬鼠预测预报、防控及自然生态环境治理提供依据，探讨其种群数量、种群组成的年度、月份、季节变化规律。在稻田、旱地耕作区采用夹夜法，对贵州省凯里市1984—2022年稻田、旱地耕作区黑线姬鼠捕获率进行年度、月份、季节种群动态进行分析。结果表明：黑线姬鼠在该地区主要分布于稻田区和旱地耕作区，占总鼠数的62.36%，各年度间种群组成比例在50.69%~94.44%，为当地绝对优势鼠种，是主要的监测和防控对象。不同年度黑线姬鼠种群数量存在显著差异，各年度间平均捕获率为0.70%~6.38%，相互间存在9.11倍差异，平均捕获率为3.92%；1984—1992年捕获率较高，平均为4.86%，处于种群密度较高的波动较大状态；2011—2022年捕获率较低，平均为1.20%，处于种群密度较低的稳定状态。不同月份及季节间种群数量存在显著差异，不同月份以7月最高，2月最低，捕获率分别为3.52%、0.95%；不同季节以夏季最高，冬季最低，捕获率分别为3.05%、1.29%。该分析得出黑线姬鼠是凯里市鼠类绝对优势种，近10 a来处于种群密度较低的稳定状态，7月和夏季种群数量最高；该研究为黑线姬鼠列为凯里市主要鼠类监测、防控对象，为准确做出预测预报，制定合理的综合防控措施及自然生态环境治理提供了重要依据。

Exploring the annual, monthly and seasonal variation of the population size and composition of Apodemus agrarius can provide the basis for the forecasting, prevention and control, ecological and environmental governance of it. Based on the night trapping method, we analyzed the annual, monthly and seasonal population dynamics of A. agrarius capture rate in paddy field and dryland farming area of Kaili city, Guizhou Province from 1984 to 2022. The results showed that A. agrarius was mainly distributed in paddy fields and dryland farming areas in this area, accounting for 62.36% of the total number of captured rodents. The population composition in each year ranged from 50.69% to 94.44%, which was the absolute dominant species in the region and was the main monitoring and control object. There were significant inter-annual variations in population size of A. agrarius in different years, the capture rate ranging from 0.70% to 6.38%, with a 9.11-fold difference and an average capture rate of 3.92%. From 1984 to 1992, the capture rate was high, with an average of 4.86%, and the population density exhibited significant fluctuations. In contrast, from 2011 to 2022, the capture rate remained consistently low with an average of 1.20%, and the population density exhibited stability. There were significant variations in population size across different months and seasons, with the highest in July and the lowest in February. Correspondingly, the capture rates stood at 3.52% and 0.95%, respectively. In different seasons, the highest capture rate was in summer (3.05%) and the lowest was in winter (1.29%). The results showed that A. agrarius was the dominant species in Kaili City, and the population had remained in a low-density over the past decade. The population densities were highest in July and summer. This study provides an important basis for listing A. agrarius as the main rodent monitoring and control object in Kaili City, and also provides an important basis for accurate prediction and formulation of reasonable comprehensive control measures and the natural ecological environment management.