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灭多威对藻-溞-鱼典型水生食物链生物的急性毒性研究
孟顺龙, 陈锋, 陈曦, 李鸣霄, 裘丽萍, 李丹丹, 宋超, 范立民, 陈家长, 徐跑
中国农学通报. 2023, 39(23): 121-126
灭多威对藻-溞-鱼典型水生食物链生物的急性毒性研究
Acute Toxicity Effects of Methomyl on Organisms in Typical Aquatic Food Chain of Green Algae-Daphnia Magna-Fish
小球藻、大型溞和斑马鱼作为水生生态系统中第一、二和三营养级,是构成简单水生食物链的重要成员,参与了水生生态系统中的物质循环和能量流动。为了阐明灭多威对食物链上处于不同生态位的水生生物的毒性效应,采用半静态水质接触急性试验法研究了灭多威对小球藻、大型溞、斑马鱼的急性毒性。结果表明,灭多威对小球藻的96 h EC50为6.76 mg/L,对大型溞的24、48、96 h LC50分别为57.37、22.23、12.58 μg/L,对斑马鱼的24、48、96 h LC50分别为8.64、5.00、2.12 mg/L。根据农药毒性分级标准,农药灭多威在普通小球藻、大型溞、斑马鱼上分别表现为中毒性、极高毒性和高毒性,在自然环境下极易导致藻、溞、鱼急性中毒死亡。灭多威对小球藻、大型溞、斑马鱼的安全浓度分别为0.676 mg/L、1.26 μg/L、0.212 mg/L,其对上述水生生物的毒性大小顺序为:溞类>鱼类>藻类。
As the first, second and third trophic levels in the aquatic ecosystem, Chlorella vulgaris, Dqohnia magna, and Barchydanio rerio are important members of the simple aquatic food chain and participate in the material cycle and energy flow in the aquatic ecosystem. To elucidate the toxic effects of methomyl on aquatic organisms in different ecological niches along the food chain, the acute toxicity effects of methomyl on Chlorella vulgaris, Dqohnia magna, Barchydanio rerio had been done by using semi-static water contacting acute toxicity method. The results showed that the 96 h EC50 of methomyl to Chlorella vulgaris was 6.76 mg/L. The 24 h LC50, 48 h-LC50 and 96 h-LC50 of methomyl to Dqohnia magna were 57.37 μg/L, 22.23 μg/L and 12.58 μg/L, respectively. The 24 h LC50, 48h-LC50 and 96h-LC50 of methomyl to Barchydanio rerio were 8.64 mg/L, 5.00 mg/L and 2.12 mg/L, respectively. According to the grading standard of toxicity assessment for pesticide, methomyl was middle toxic to Chlorella vulgaris, extremely high toxic to Dqohnia magna, and high toxic to Barchydanio rerio, respectively. And therefore methomyl could cause the acute poisoning death of Chlorella vulgaris, Dqohnia magna and Barchydanio rerio in the natural environment. The safe concentrations of methomyl to Chlorella vulgaris, Dqohnia magna and Barchydanio rerio were 0.676 mg/L, 1.26 μg/L and 0.212 mg/L, respectively. And the toxicity of methomyl to Chlorella vulgaris, Dqohnia magna, Barchydanio rerio followed the order of Dqohnia magna> Barchydanio rerio> Chlorella vulgaris.
灭多威 / 急性毒性 / 水生食物链 / 小球藻 / 大型溞 {{custom_keyword}} /
methomyl / acute toxicity / aquatic food chain / Chlorella vulgaris / Dqohnia magna {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 试验仪器及来源 |
试验仪器 | 来源 |
---|---|
生物显微镜BM2000 | 上海光学仪器厂,中国 |
PGX-150B智能光照培养箱 | 无锡沃信仪器有限公司,中国 |
双光束紫外可见分光光度计 | 上海仪电分析仪器有限公司,中国 |
Master-QUT试验室超纯水机 | 上海和泰仪器有限公司,中国 |
PWC 124型分析天平 | 艾德姆衡器(武汉)有限公司,中国 |
浮游生物计数框 | 金坛市康华电子仪器制造厂,中国 |
移液器 | Eppendorf,德国 |
表2 稀释水培养基成分及含量 |
成分 | 浓度/(mg/L) |
---|---|
氯化钙(CaCl2) | 2.94 |
硫酸镁(MgSO4) | 1.23 |
碳酸氢钠(NaHCO3) | 0.65 |
氯化钾(KCl) | 0.0625 |
表3 BG-11培养基成分及含量 |
成分 | 浓度/(g/L) |
---|---|
硝酸钠(NaNO3) | 1.5 |
磷酸氢二钾(K2HPO4) | 0.04 |
七水硫酸镁(MgSO4·7H2O) | 0.075 |
柠檬酸(C6H8O7) | 0.036 |
枸椽酸铁铵(C6H10FeNO8) | 0.006 |
乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTANA2) | 0.001 |
碳酸钠(Na2CO3) | 0.02 |
硼酸(H2BO3) | 2.86 |
四水氯化锰(MnCl2·4H2O) | 1.86 |
七水硫酸锌(ZnSO4·7H2O) | 0.22 |
钼酸钠(NaMoO4) | 0.39 |
五水硫酸铜(CuSO4·5H2O) | 0.08 |
硝酸钴六水合物(Co(NO3)2·6H2O) | 0.05 |
表4 灭多威对小球藻的96 h抑制效应 |
浓度/(mg/L) | 0.05 | 0.19 | 0.7 | 2.65 | 10 | 37.2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
抑制效应/% | 9.60 | 14.70 | 19.80 | 32.40 | 51.30 | 78.67 |
回归方程 | y=0.7084x+4.4169 | |||||
相关系数 | 0.975* | |||||
EC50/(mg/L) | 6.76 |
注:*表示相关显著(P<0.05),下同。 |
表5 灭多威对大型溞的急性毒性 |
浓度/(μg/L) | 死亡率/% | ||
---|---|---|---|
24 h | 48 h | 96 h | |
空白组 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
25 | 10.0 | 53.3 | 80.0 |
32.9 | 26.7 | 73.3 | 90.0 |
43.43 | 36.7 | 90.0 | 93.3 |
57.24 | 63.3 | 93.3 | 96.7 |
75.44 | 66.6 | 96.7 | 100 |
99.44 | 70.0 | 100 | 100 |
回归方程 | y=3.0312x-0.3309 | y=3.5589x+0.2059 | y=2.441x+2.4863 |
相关系数 | 0.970* | 0.974* | 0.986* |
LC50 | 57.37 | 22.23 | 12.58 |
95%置信限 | 50.58~65.46 | 18.32~26.99 | 10.47~14.45 |
表6 灭多威对斑马鱼的急性毒性 |
浓度/(mg/L) | 死亡率/% | ||
---|---|---|---|
24 h | 48 h | 96 h | |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
1.57 | 0 | 10 | 30 |
2.47 | 7 | 20 | 67 |
3.87 | 20 | 30 | 77 |
6.08 | 27 | 53 | 87 |
9.55 | 60 | 73 | 100 |
15 | 73 | 100 | 100 |
回归方程 | y=2.69x+2.4768 | y=2.165x+3.3674 | y=2.7664x+4.0835 |
相关系数 | 0.976* | 0.978* | 0.964* |
LC50 | 8.64 | 5.00 | 2.12 |
95%置信限 | 7.23~10.77 | 4.20~6.03 | 1.76~2.50 |
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