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不同方法提取的生物质炭可溶性有机物性质研究
Biochar-derived Dissolved Organic Matter Extracted by Different Methods: Property Study
为了揭示不同提取方法对生物质炭来源可溶性有机物(DOM)性质的影响，以生物质炭为研究对象，采用多种提取剂、提取方式提取生物质炭DOM，分析其碳含量及化学组成特征。结果表明：低温生物质炭中碱提取物DOC含量较高(15.6~40.0 g/kg)，而高温生物质炭中盐提取物较高(0.27~7.04 g/kg)。酸提取物DOM化学组成较为简单，表现为SUVA254、SUVA280值较低，且玉米秆生物质炭中酸提取物亲水性DOM比例(44.6%~73.6%)显著高于水和碱提取物(11.0%~53.2%、0.30%~31.4%)。碱提取物DOM化学组成较复杂，其SUVA254、SUVA280值较高，同时玉米秆生物质炭中碱提取物疏水性DOM比例(68.6%~99.7%)显著高于酸和盐提取物(26.4%~55.4%、0%~46.9%)。该研究揭示了提取剂在生物质炭DOM提取方法中的重要性，而提取方式对其性质影响不显著，可为生物质炭DOM提取方法的选择提供参考。
This study aims at investigating the impact of different extraction methods on the properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from biochar. Biochar was used as material, DOM was extracted with various extracting agents and extraction patterns, and the carbon content and chemical composition of the extracts were analyzed. The results showed that the DOC content of alkali extract in low-temperature biochar was relatively high (15.6-40.0 g/kg), so was the DOC content of salt extract in high-temperature biochar (0.27-7.04 g/kg). The chemical composition of DOM in the acid extract remained relatively simple, showing that SUVA254 and SUVA280 were low. A higher proportion of hydrophilic DOM was found in the acid extract from cornstalk-derived biochar (44.6%-73.6%) compared with that in the water and alkali extracts (11.0%-53.2% and 0.30%-31.4%), respectively (P<0.05). Correspondingly, the chemical composition of DOM in the alkali extract was relatively complex, showing that SUVA254 and SUVA280 were high. A higher proportion of hydrophobic DOM was found in the alkali extract from cornstalk-derived biochar (68.6%-99.7%) compared with that in the acid and salt extracts (26.4%-55.4% and 0%-46.9%), respectively (P<0.05). The study indicates that extracting agents have certain significance in biochar DOM extraction, while extraction patterns exhibit a minor effect on the properties of biochar DOM. It could provide reference for selecting biochar DOM extraction method.
生物质炭 / 可溶性有机物 / 提取方法 / 化学组成 / 土壤重金属污染修复 {{custom_keyword}} /
biochar / dissolved organic matter / extraction method / chemical composition / soil heavy metal contamination remediation {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 生物质炭基本性质 |
| 生物质炭类型 | 表面积/(m2/g) | 孔直径/nm | N/% | C/% | H/% | H/C | O/C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 玉米秆-低温 | 3.33 | 1.36 | 2.75 | 53.7 | 3.70 | 0.07 | 0.74 |
| 玉米秆-高温 | 3.05 | 4.72 | 1.59 | 65.2 | 2.02 | 0.03 | 0.48 |
| 猪粪-低温 | 16.2 | 1.18 | 2.23 | 19.4 | 1.75 | 0.09 | 3.92 |
| 猪粪-高温 | 52.5 | 1.19 | 0.33 | 9.59 | 0.92 | 0.10 | 9.20 |
表2 不同提取剂及提取方法下生物质炭Hi-DOM和Ho-DOM组分比例 |
| Hi-DOM组分/% | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 生物质炭原料 | 编号 | 水 | 酸 | 碱 | 盐 |
| 玉米秆 | 1 | 53.2 | 73.6 | 31.4 | 46.6 |
| 2 | 25.4 | 44.6 | 0.3 | 82.4 | |
| 3 | 35.1 | 60.5 | 17.3 | 57.5 | |
| 4 | 11 | 63.2 | 20.2 | 100 | |
| 猪粪 | 1 | 57.1 | 53.4 | 80.8 | 67.2 |
| 2 | 90.6 | 62 | 93.8 | 100 | |
| 3 | 81.1 | 78.7 | 75.4 | 87.4 | |
| 4 | 100 | 81 | 100 | 89 | |
| 玉米秆 | 1 | 46.7 | 26.4 | 68.6 | 46.9 |
| 2 | 74.6 | 55.4 | 99.7 | 17.6 | |
| 3 | 64.9 | 38.7 | 82.7 | 42.5 | |
| 4 | 89 | 36.8 | 79.8 | 0 | |
| 猪粪 | 1 | 42.9 | 46.6 | 19.2 | 32.8 |
| 2 | 9.4 | 38 | 6.2 | 0 | |
| 3 | 18.9 | 21.3 | 24.6 | 12.6 | |
| 4 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 11 | |
| 注：编号1~4分别代表提取方法+裂解温度分别为超声+低温、超声+高温、震荡+低温、震荡+高温生物质炭提取的DOM。每种原料制备的生物质炭对应组分（Hi或者Ho-DOM组分）中，不同提取剂处理分别采用配对t检验进行显著性检验，其差异显著性已在文中提及但表中未标出。 |
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Biochars derived from wetland biomass have been extensively applied in water and wastewater treatments. This study investigated the quantity and chemical quality of dissolved organic matter (DOM) released from the biochar prepared from the typical wetland plant (Typha orientalis) at different pyrolysis temperatures (300-700 °C) by using fluorescence excitation-emission (EEM) spectrophotometry with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The results showed that the content of DOM released from biochars at low pyrolysis temperatures (300-500 °C) was higher than that observed at high pyrolysis temperatures (600-700 °C). The distribution of DOM components (mainly including three humic acid-like substances, one fulvic acid-like substance and one tyrosine-like substance) varied significantly due to the increase of pyrolysis temperatures. The fulvic acid-like material was the key DOM component at the low pyrolysis temperature while the humic acid-like material became dominant at the high temperature. DOM quality indices also indicated that the percentage of the low molecular-weight DOM increased with the decreasing DOC concentration due to the higher temperatures. The results obtained in this study would be beneficial to guide the rational application of biochars in waste treatments.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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