PDF(2330 KB)
PDF(2330 KB)
PDF(2330 KB)
干旱胁迫对不同年代谷子苗期根系表型的影响
Effects of Drought Stress on Root Phenotype of Foxtail Millet Seedlings of Varieties of Different Decades
作为种植于中国西北干旱和半干旱区域重要的粮食作物，谷子具有较高的营养价值。但近年来干旱频发，导致谷子品种退化、品质下降。因根系是运输有机质的重要器官，对植物生长发育的全过程至关重要，选取3个不同年代的6个谷子品种为研究对象，采用土培法人工模拟干旱环境（出苗10天后一组停止浇水至收获；另一组正常浇水，70%±5% FWC），探究品种更替过程中干旱胁迫对谷子苗期根系表型的影响机理。结果表明，不同年代谷子幼苗根系对干旱胁迫的响应机制存在差异，随年代推进，谷子根系干质量、根长、根表面积和根体积呈先降后升趋势。自20世纪70年代以来，1970s—1980s和2000s—2010s谷子在干旱环境中的生长速率分别显著提升了18.1%和30.1%(P<0.05)，根冠比有降低趋势并稳定在0.21左右，根条数稳定在9~10条。干旱胁迫下，1960s—1970s谷子的生物量总干重、根宽度、根总长、根表面积和根体积分别显著降低37.6%、47.9%、36.8%、40.1%和30.6%(P<0.05)，根密度无显著差异(P>0.05)；1970s—1980s谷子的总干重、根宽度和根条数分别显著增加59.8%、21.4%和27%(P<0.05)，根表面积、根体积和根总长没有显著差异(P>0.05)；2000s—2010s谷子的根宽度、根总长和根长比分别显著降低28.5%、15.3%和35.9%(P<0.05)，根表面积、根体积和比根长无显著差异(P>0.05)。本研究结果表明，干旱胁迫下，现代品种苗期根系的敏感度降低，表型差异缩小，耐性提高。
Millet is an important food crop grown in arid and semi-arid regions of northwest China and has high nutritional value. However, in recent years, frequent droughts have led to the degradation of millet varieties and the decline of quality. Because the root system is an important organ to transport organic matter and is critical to the whole process of plant growth and development, six varieties of millet of three different decades were selected as the research objects, and the soil culture method was used to simulate the drought environment (10 days after emergence, one group stopped watering until harvest, another group was irrigated normally, 70%±5% FWC) to explore the mechanism of drought stress on millet seedling root phenotype in the process of variety replacement. The results showed that the response mechanism of millet seedling roots to drought stress was different in varieties of different decades. With the advance of the variety replacement, the root dry mass, root length, root surface area and root volume of millet seedlings decreased first and then increased. The growth rate of millet in drought environment increased by 18.1% and 30.1% in 1970s—1980s varieties and 2000s—2010s varieties, respectively (P<0.05). The root-shoot ratio tended to decrease and stabilized at about 0.21, and the number of roots stabilized at 9-10. Under drought stress, the total dry biomass, root width, total root length, root surface area and root volume of the 1960s—1970s varieties decreased significantly by 37.6%, 47.9%, 36.8%, 40.1% and 30.6% (P<0.05) respectively, while the root density had no significant difference (P>0.05). For varieties of 1970s—1980s, the total dry mass, root width and root number increased by 59.8%, 21.4% and 27% (P<0.05), respectively, while the root surface area, root volume and total root length had no significant difference (P>0.05). For varieties of 2000s—2010s, the root width, total root length and ratio of root length decreased significantly by 28.5%, 15.3% and 35.9% (P<0.05), while the root surface area, root volume and specific root length had no significant difference (P>0.05). The results of this study showed that under drought stress, the root sensitivity of modern millet varieties at seedling stage decreased, the phenotypic difference was narrowed, and the tolerance was improved.
谷子 / 干旱胁迫 / 品种更替 / 根系表型 {{custom_keyword}} /
millet / drought stress, variety replacement / root phenotype {{custom_keyword}} /
| [1] |
\n\nFoxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv.) is an ancient cereal cultivated worldwide in arid and marginal lands. It is an ideal crop for the changing climate, with high photosynthetic efficiency. A trait-based selection for drought tolerance is sought for yield stability. The present work had segregated the drought yield as total water use (T), transpiration efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) and assessed the importance of these components and their association with drought tolerance. The core collection of foxtail millet germplasm (n = 155) was evaluated in mini-lysimeters under both terminal drought stress (DS) and well-watered (WW) environments. The contribution of T to grain yield under drought was minor but the contribution of TE was positive and of HI negative. Crop duration, T and TE positively influenced, and HI negatively influenced, shoot biomass production. Under drought, the core germplasm accessions varied in shoot biomass, grain yield, HI and T by >3-fold and in TE by 2-fold. Categorisation of the germplasm for TE had differentiated groups of accessions as high TE (n = 17) and low TE (n = 22). Among the three races of foxtail millet, indica was strong for T and TE, and maxima and moharia for HI, with useful exceptions.\n
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [2] |
代小冬, 朱灿灿, 秦娜, 等. 不同基因型谷子品种(系)对干旱胁迫的响应及抗旱性评价[J]. 中国农学通报, 2017, 33(34):15-19.
旨在为旱区谷子生产及抗旱育种提供理论依据。以10 个谷子品种（系）为研究对象，采用管栽试验，研究了干旱胁迫对不同基因型谷子生长及产量相关性状的影响。结果表明，在干旱胁迫条件下，参试的10 个谷子品种（系），叶绿素含量下降的幅度为4.90%~33.11%，株高降低的幅度为9.56%~30.93%，穗长减小的幅度为5.58%~30.90%，穗粗减小的幅度为3.42%~16.34%，单穗重降低的幅度为7.30%~45.71%，单穗粒重降低的幅度为11.83%~54.72%，出谷率降低的幅度为4.89%~16.60%。抗旱性评价结果表明，‘冀谷31’、‘沧谷5号’、‘冀谷19’等3个品种的抗旱性较好。
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [3] |
In arid and semi-arid regions, desertification threatens crop production because it reduces the soil’s capacity to retain water and soil nutrients. At two fertilizer levels (90 kg N hm−2 and 45 kg P hm−2 and 270 kg N hm−2 and 135 kg P hm−2), the effects of soft rock (sand: soft rocks = 3:1) and biochar (4500 kg hm−2) applications on soil moisture, soil nutrients, and millet (Setaria italica L.) photosynthesis, yield, and its agronomic traits (biomass, thousand kernel weight, harvest index) were investigated in a field experiment in the Mu Us Sandy Land of China in 2018–2019. The addition of biochar and soft rock singly increased soil water content, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN), total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP), and organic matter content significantly, suggesting that their application may increase the nutrient and water holding capacity of soil. Application of biochar and soft rock singly increased the net photosynthesis rate of millet flag leaf, at the flowering stage, from 15.97% to 56.26%. Biochar and soft rock application increased the yield range (2109.0 kg hm−2 to 5024.7 kg hm−2) from 5.26% to 54.60% under the same fertilizer level. Correlation analyses showed grain yield was significantly correlated with photosynthesis rate at the flowering stage, which was significantly correlated with soil AN at flowering, soil TP at flowering and harvest, and soil TN at flowering. These results indicated that the application of biochar and soft rock singly could increase soil fertilizer holding capacity to improve the photosynthesis rate at flowering, and, therefore, lead to improvements in crop yield.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [4] |
王瑞, 李齐霞, 祁丽婷, 等. 不同产地谷子籽粒营养品质与食味品质的比较研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(3):154-157.
为了在现有谷子品种的基础上,明确有利于提高谷子籽粒营养品质和食味品质的生长环境,本文对‘长农38号’、‘长农39号’、‘长农41号’谷子在长治和沁县两个生态点谷子籽粒的营养品质与食味品质进行比较分析。结果表明:种植地区对‘长农38号’谷子籽粒的维生素B1、直链淀粉、粗蛋白和‘长农41号’的维生素B1、粗脂肪的影响较大,变异系数均在10%以上;对‘长农39号’谷子籽粒的营养品质影响较小,变异系数均在10%以下。通过食味品质的比较可以看出种植在沁县的‘长农38号’谷子籽粒的一致性高于长治,种植在长治的‘长农39号’、‘长农41号’谷子籽粒的一致性低于沁县;种植于长治的‘长农38号’、‘长农39号’谷子籽粒的色泽高于沁县,种植于长治的‘长农41号’谷子籽粒色泽与沁县的评分结果一样;种植于沁县的3个基因型谷子籽粒食味品质的分数合计结果均高于长治。因此通过优化谷子栽培管理措施对提高谷子籽粒品质具有重要意义。
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [5] |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [6] |
刘鑫, 李会霞, 田岗, 等. 全生育期水分控制对谷子生长发育及品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2021(5):181-186.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [7] |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [8] |
严加坤, 张宁宁, 张岁岐. 谷子对干旱胁迫的生理生态响应[J]. 生态学报, 2021, 41(21):1-11.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [9] |
吕建珍. 谷子种质资源遗传多样性研究进展[J]. 河北农业大学学报, 2020, 43(5):40-45.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [10] |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [11] |
姚延琴, 刘来喜, 党云萍, 等. 陕北谷子生产现状及原因分析[J]. 现代食品, 2016(14):26-27.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [12] |
史关燕, 王啸旗, 韩渊怀, 等. 谷子产量和品质相关性状的杂种优势及遗传特性分析[J]. 热带亚热带植物学报, 2021, 29(4):349-359.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [13] |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [14] |
Climate change has increased the risk of drought, which significantly limits plant productivity. Various ways of increasing water availability and sustaining growth of crop plants in drought-prone environments are available. Genetic advances in grain yields under rainfed conditions have been achieved with the introduction of dwarfing genes. A thorough understanding of the effects of different dwarfing genes on root growth, coleoptile length, grain yields and water using efficiency (WUE) will provide opportunities to select appropriate Rht genes for breeding high WUE and grain yield cultivars. This review focuses on the mechanism involved in Rht genes that reduce plant height and affect root and coleoptile length, their consequent effects on grain yields and WUE, and suggests that for rainfed and irrigation-limited environments, combining GAR and GAI dwarfing genes in breeding may help boost WUE and yields, and more materials from different parental sources should be collected to assess opportunities for potential comprehensive application of specific Rht genes. {{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [15] |
Deep roots are critical for the survival of Populus euphratica seedlings on the floodplains of arid regions where they easily suffer drought stress. Drought typically suppresses root growth, but P. euphratica seedlings can adjust phenotypically in terms of root-shoot allocation and root architecture and morphology, thus promoting deep rooting. However, the root phenotypic changes undertaken by P. euphratica seedlings as a deep rooting strategy under drought conditions remain unknown.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [16] |
We quantified the biomass allocation patterns to leaves, stems and roots in vegetative plants, and how this is influenced by the growth environment, plant size, evolutionary history and competition. Dose-response curves of allocation were constructed by means of a meta-analysis from a wide array of experimental data. They show that the fraction of whole-plant mass represented by leaves (LMF) increases most strongly with nutrients and decreases most strongly with light. Correction for size-induced allocation patterns diminishes the LMF-response to light, but makes the effect of temperature on LMF more apparent. There is a clear phylogenetic effect on allocation, as eudicots invest relatively more than monocots in leaves, as do gymnosperms compared with woody angiosperms. Plants grown at high densities show a clear increase in the stem fraction. However, in most comparisons across species groups or environmental factors, the variation in LMF is smaller than the variation in one of the other components of the growth analysis equation: the leaf area : leaf mass ratio (SLA). In competitive situations, the stem mass fraction increases to a smaller extent than the specific stem length (stem length : stem mass). Thus, we conclude that plants generally are less able to adjust allocation than to alter organ morphology.© 2011 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2011 New Phytologist Trust.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [17] |
Cultivars with efficient root systems play a major role in enhancing resource use efficiency, particularly water absorption, and thus in drought tolerance. In this study, a diverse wheat association panel of 136 wheat accessions including mini core subset was genotyped using Axiom 35k Breeders’ Array to identify genomic regions associated with seedling stage root architecture and shoot traits using multi-locus genome-wide association studies (ML-GWAS). The association panel revealed a wide variation of 1.5- to 50-fold and were grouped into six clusters based on 15 traits. Six different ML-GWAS models revealed 456 significant quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) for various traits with phenotypic variance in the range of 0.12–38.60%. Of these, 87 QTNs were repeatedly detected by two or more models and were considered reliable genomic regions for the respective traits. Among these QTNs, eleven were associated with average diameter and nine each for second order lateral root number (SOLRN), root volume (RV) and root length density (RLD). A total of eleven genomic regions were pleiotropic and each controlled two or three traits. Some important candidate genes such as Formin homology 1, Ubiquitin-like domain superfamily and ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase were identified from the associated genomic regions. The genomic regions/genes identified in this study could potentially be targeted for improving root traits and drought tolerance in wheat.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [18] |
刘桂红, 王珏, 杜金哲, 等. 谷子萌芽期抗旱性鉴定研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2013, 29(3):86-91.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [19] |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [20] |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [21] |
齐健, 宋凤斌, 刘胜群. 苗期玉米根叶对干旱胁迫的生理响应[J]. 生态环境, 2006, 15(6):1264-1268.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [22] |
潘晓迪, 张颖, 邵萌, 等. 作物根系结构对干旱胁迫的适应性研究进展[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2017, 19(2):51-58.
干旱是影响植物生长和作物产量的重要环境因素，全球性的气候变化更加剧了干旱胁迫对作物生产和粮食产量的影响。根系是植株吸收水分的主要器官，它能够调节自身生长发育和对水分的吸收和运输从而对干旱胁迫产生适应性，因而根系在作物适应干旱缺水环境中发挥重要作用。从根系构型和根的解剖结构两方面总结了作物根系形态结构对干旱胁迫的适应性研究进展，并分析了目前根系结构研究方法的现状，指出通过研究方法和技术手段的进步和创新，实现根系表型特征全面、快速和精准鉴定将是未来的发展趋势，这将为抗旱节水作物品种的筛选和评价提供理论指导。
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [23] |
张玲, 王树凤, 陈益泰, 等. 3种枫香的根系构型及功能特征对干旱的响应[J]. 土壤, 2013, 45(6):1119-1126.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [24] |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [25] |
裴冬, 张喜英, 王峻. 高梁、谷子根系发育及其抗旱性研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2002, 10(4):28-30.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [26] |
(1) Background: The study analyzed wheat morphological traits to assess the role of roots structure in the tolerance of drought and to recognize the mechanisms of root structure adjustment to dry soil environment. (2) Methods: Root-box and root-basket methods were applied to maintain an intact root system for analysis. (3) Results: Phenotypic differences among six genotypes with variable drought susceptibility index were found. Under drought, the resistant genotypes lowered their shoot-to-root ratio. Dry matter, number, length, and diameter of nodal and lateral roots were higher in drought-tolerant genotypes than in sensitive ones. The differences in the surface area of the roots were greater in the upper parts of the root system (in the soil layer between 0 and 15 cm) and resulted from the growth of roots of the tolerant plant at an angle of 0–30° and 30–60°. (4) Conclusions: Regulation of root bending in a more downward direction can be important but is not a priority in avoiding drought effects by tolerant plants. If this trait is reduced and accompanied by restricted root development in the upper part of the soil, it becomes a critical factor promoting plant sensitivity to water-limiting conditions.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [27] |
秦岭, 陈二影, 杨延兵, 等. 干旱和复水对不同耐旱型谷子品种苗期生理指标的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2019, 21(3):146-151.
为了探讨不同基因型谷子品种耐旱性差异的生理基础，以耐旱谷子品种济谷16和旱敏感谷子品种鲁谷1号为材料，采用旱棚盆栽试验，研究了干旱胁迫和复水对谷子形态性状、叶片含水量、丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）以及过氧化氢酶（CAT）的影响。结果表明：随着土壤含水量的下降，鲁谷1号叶片首先出现黄色斑点并开始萎蔫。干旱胁迫导致2种谷子的叶片含水量下降，复水后济谷16较快地恢复到对照水平；二者的MDA含量在干旱胁迫后显著增加，鲁谷1号的MDA含量在整个胁迫过程中都高于济谷16。2种谷子的抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT活性均随着干旱胁迫程度的加重而增加。济谷16 SOD活性增加的幅度比旱敏感谷子品种鲁谷1号高，但差异并不显著；鲁谷1号POD活性在干旱胁迫的过程中先上升后下降；CAT活性在干旱胁迫过程中略有上升。不同耐旱性谷子品种的形态性状、生理指标存在差异，这些差异造成不同基因型品种的耐旱能力不同。
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [28] |
李顺国, 刘斐, 刘猛, 等. 中国谷子产业和种业发展现状与未来展望[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(3):459-470.
谷子起源于中国,是旱作生态农业绿色发展的主栽作物。国家启动产业技术体系十年来,创制出一批抗除草剂、商品品质显著提升、蒸煮时间显著缩短的育种材料;基因组测序、单倍型图谱和高通量转化技术体系构建等推动了谷子产业技术原始创新能力持续提高;育成了一批中矮秆抗除草剂新品种,创新集成了一批适合不同产区的栽培技术,单户综合生产能力提高20倍以上,单产提高90.8%,总产提高85.7%,全程机械化轻简栽培实现了谷子生产方式历史性变革。谷子是完全市场化作物,近十年来总体价格呈上升趋势,产业规模不断扩大,全国地理标志产品发展迅速,正在形成一批区域公用品牌和产业优势区。随着产业发展的带动,品种权保护与转让逐步增多,一批谷子种业开始起步。在乡村振兴和健康中国战略新的时代背景下,谷子的营养、生态、文化属性给中国谷子产业和种业带来了新的机遇;同时中国谷子种业和产业也面临着种子繁殖系数高、品种权落实力度不够、科研和平台建设有待加强、缺乏突破性大品种等诸多挑战。未来中国谷子特色产业发展将助推乡村振兴并带动种业发展;季节性休耕区、压采地下水区的生态需求将促进谷子生产面积呈现恢复性增长;种业、科研、产业融合呈加快发展趋势。攻克谷子种业重大基础科学问题,构建现代生物育种技术体系,培育突破性新品种,实现科研、种业、产业的一体化发展是中国谷子种业的发展方向。中国谷子种业发展必须坚持原始创新、坚持产业需求、坚持服务主产区、坚持差异化发展、坚持市场主体地位。未来中国谷子产业和种业需攻克的重点任务:突破性新种质创新、高效育种技术平台构建、突破性新品种杂交种培育、构建种子生产技术规范和良种繁育技术体系、提升种业管理服务能力、布局优化制种基地、打造种子优势企业。
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [29] |
张文英, 智慧, 柳斌辉, 等. 谷子孕穗期抗旱指标筛选[J]. 植物遗传资源学报, 2012, 13(5):765-772.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [30] |
陈民志, 杨延龙, 王宇轩, 等. 新疆早熟陆地棉品种更替过程中的株型特征及主要经济性状的演变[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(19):3279-3290.
【目的】 分析新疆早熟陆地棉品种更替产量提高过程中株型特征及主要经济性状的演变趋势,结合发展机采棉对品种特性的需求,阐述品种更替中适宜机采特性的变化,为新疆棉花新品种选育及栽培管理提供理论依据。【方法】 于2015—2016年和2018年选择新疆近40年来自育早熟陆地棉（Gossypium hirsutum L.）不同年代（1980s、1990s、2000s和2010s）大面积主栽品种（新陆早1号、新陆早7号、新陆早13号和新陆早45号）为材料,在膜下滴灌栽培条件下,对不同年代品种的第一果节长度、果枝节间长度、节枝比、株高、果枝始节、始节高度、果枝夹角、果枝数、叶枝数、倒四叶宽和茎粗共11个株型指标及主要经济性状的演变进行分析。【结果】 随品种更替,棉株第一果节长度、果枝节间长度和节枝比逐渐增加,株型由紧凑型向较松散型转变;株高、果枝始节和始节高度逐渐增加,上部果枝与主茎的夹角逐渐减小,果枝上举,具有高产株型特征;根据棉花机采对品种特性的要求,2010s品种果枝始节高度和果枝角度较符合机采棉对株型的要求;不同年代品种间果枝数、叶枝数、倒四叶宽和茎粗无明显差异。皮棉产量、总铃数和衣分均随品种更替逐渐增加,其中1980s、1990s、2000s和2010s品种皮棉产量较当年区域试验产量分别高23%—53%、16%—20%、13%—14%和-2%—6%,膜下滴灌现代高产栽培技术对产量的提高有重要作用,但2000s和2010s品种收获指数显著低于1990s品种。与1980s和1990s品种相比,2010s品种上部铃期短4—5 d,吐絮相对集中,对脱叶剂敏感,吐絮率均在95%以上,无显著差异,但生育期偏长;与审定时品种的生育期相比,1980s和1990s品种提前了3—7 d,2000s和2010s品种提前了0—3 d,这可能与膜下滴灌促早熟栽培技术应用有关。2000s和2010s品种棉纤维长度、比强度、伸长率和纺纱一致性明显改善,但马克隆值相对偏大,纤维强度的改善是以牺牲纤维细度为代价,纤维品质协调性不佳。【结论】 品种更替产量提高过程中,棉花经济性状改善,但品种株型由紧凑型向较松散型转变,生育期偏长,收获指数偏低,棉纤维马克隆值偏大;随着机采棉种植模式的应用,选育和选用纤维品质优、适宜机采的品种是保障新疆棉花产业稳步发展的关键。
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [31] |
郑爱泉, 范学科, 冯帆, 等. 不同育成年份冬小麦苗期根冠生物量分配[J]. 西北农业学报, 2020, 29(6):851-859.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [32] |
张宁宁, 严加坤, 王小林, 等. 陕北谷子品种更替过程中产量及农艺性状的演变[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(4):1337-1344.
选择不同年代(1960s—1970s、1980s—1990s、2000s—2010s)在陕北种植的6个谷子品种为试验材料,于2018—2019年在陕西榆林进行田间试验,研究分析了不同年代品种谷子产量及其农艺性状的演变特征。结果表明: 随年代更替,谷子品种产量呈现明显增加趋势,2000s—2010s选育的品种平均产量分别为0.46(2018)和0.66 kg·m<sup>-2</sup>(2019),较2000s前的品种显著增产,增产幅度22%～53%;株高、穗重、叶重和杆重与产量趋势类似;而千粒重和穗长表现相对稳定,随品种更替并未呈现明显变化;旗叶宽度虽然变幅不大,但随品种更替呈明显增大趋势。相关性分析表明,穗重、杆重、叶重和株高与产量之间呈极显著相关。主成分分析显示,2000s—2010s谷子品种具有更大的优势。陕北谷子品种更替过程中主要通过株高和穗重的改良来增加单位面积产量,未来谷子高产育种应注重株高、穗重、杆重和叶重性状改良,尤其应探索适合机械收割的最优株高。
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [33] |
刘梅, 吴广俊, 路笃旭, 等. 不同年代玉米品种氮素利用效率与其根系特征的关系[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(1):71-82.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [34] |
王云, 乔玲, 闫素仙, 等. 山西省不同年代旱地小麦产量构成因素及抗旱性特征分析[J]. 作物杂志, 2021(5):43-49.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [35] |
刘佳, 薛惠云, 李倩, 等. 不同年代小麦品种根系形态差异性分析[J]. 山东农业科学, 2021, 53(3):15-21.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [36] |
王娅玲, 李维峰. 干旱胁迫对植物生长及其生理的影响概述[J]. 南方农业, 2015, 9(6):37-39.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [37] |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [38] |
代小冬, 徐心志, 朱灿灿, 等. 谷子苗期对不同程度干旱胁迫的响应及抗旱性评价[J]. 作物杂志, 2016(1):140-143.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [39] |
王振华, 刘鑫, 余爱丽, 等. 不同谷子品种萌发期对干旱胁迫生理响应的变化及抗旱指标筛选[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2020, 22(12):39-49.
为了探讨干旱胁迫对谷子萌芽期的影响，筛选抗旱谷子新品种及谷子萌芽期抗旱性相关指标，明确干旱胁迫对不同谷子品种萌发期生理特征变化影响，以20%的聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）模拟干旱胁迫对15个谷子品种进行了萌发期抗旱性鉴定，对相关的六个抗旱性指标进行了筛选和相关性研究，并通过测定15个品种在干旱胁迫条件下SOD、POD和CAT的活性来研究其变化情况。结果表明：以萌发抗旱指数为标准指标，15个品种谷子萌发期抗旱性基本可以分为强、中、弱3类，其中抗旱性强的3个品种分别是陇谷10号、长生07、晋谷21号；抗旱性弱的2个品种是济谷20号、长生13。在干旱胁迫条件下谷子SOD、POD和CAT活性均有所升高，其中SOD活性在抗旱性强的3个品种中值最大，在抗旱性较弱的2个品种中值最小；SOD活性升高值与萌发抗旱指数显著正相关，而POD和CAT活性升高程度与萌发抗旱指数相关性不显著。通过相关性分析表明，活力抗旱指数、相对发芽率、相对发芽势与萌发抗旱指数呈极显著正相关，而相对胚芽长、相对胚根长与萌发抗旱指数之间没有明显的相关性。综上，在相关的六个抗旱性指标中，谷子抗旱的标准指标是萌发抗旱指数，谷子萌发期抗旱性鉴定的首要指标为活力抗旱指数和相对发芽率，次级指标则是相对发芽势，参考指标为相对胚芽长和相对胚根长。
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [40] |
王永丽, 王珏, 杜金哲, 等. 不同时期干旱胁迫对谷子农艺性状的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2012, 27(6):125-129.
采用盆栽控水方法,研究不同生育时期干旱胁迫对谷子物候期、株高、叶片数、顶叶叶面积、穗长、根轮数等农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明,干旱延迟谷子物候期的出现;拔节期干旱对谷子株高的影响最大;干旱不会引起谷子总叶片数的改变,但对叶片发生时间有一定影响;拔节期干旱和孕穗期干旱使谷子顶叶叶面积减小;干旱抑制谷子根系的生长,但复水后生长迅速恢复。拔节期干旱对谷子农艺性状造成的影响最严重、最持久,干旱胁迫使谷子的产量降低,尤以灌浆期干旱对产量影响最显著。
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [41] |
樊仙全, 杨绍林, 李如丹, 等. 甘蔗苗期抗旱性鉴定评价研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(3):17-24.
以12个甘蔗品种试验材料,通过桶栽试验,在苗期进行反复干旱胁迫处理,测定甘蔗幼苗存活率和叶片叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性等生理指标。运用抗旱系数法和隶属函数值法,对苗期甘蔗各生理指标性状进行了反复干旱胁迫下的抗性评价和鉴定,为甘蔗抗旱品种的选择提供可借鉴的方法,同时为其抗旱育种和蔗区抗旱品种示范推广提供数据支持。结果表明,反复干旱处理后,所有甘蔗品种幼苗存活率、叶片叶绿素含量、POD和SOD酶活性均有降低,而叶片Pro、REC、MDA和可溶性糖含量均明显增加,且各甘蔗品种间存在明显差异。‘LC 09-15’、‘GT 32’、‘FN 08-3214’、‘YZ 08-1609’、‘YZ 11-1204’、‘YZ 05-51’、‘YR 11-450’和‘DZ 12-88’等8个甘蔗品种的苗期抗旱性强于对照品种‘ROC 22’。通过甘蔗优异抗旱品种的筛选和推广,解决蔗区主栽甘蔗品种‘ROC 22’种性退化性状,可为蔗区有效抵御早春干旱、保证甘蔗稳产、高产提供理论指导。
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [42] |
Fine roots are a key component of carbon (C) flow and nitrogen (N) cycling in forest ecosystems. However, the complexity and heterogeneity of the fine root branching system have hampered the assessment and prediction of C and N dynamics at ecosystem scales. We examined how root morphology, biomass, and chemistry differed with root branch orders (1-5 with root tips classified as first order roots) and how different root orders responded to increased C sink strength (via N fertilization) and reduced carbon source strength (via canopy scorching) in a longleaf pine (Pinus palustris L.) ecosystem. With increasing root order, the diameter and length of individual roots increased, whereas the specific root length decreased. Total root biomass on an areal basis was similar among the first four orders but increased for the fifth order roots. Consequently, total root length and total root surface area decreased systematically with increasing root order. Fine root N and lignin concentrations decreased, while total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) and cellulose concentrations increased with increasing root order. N addition and canopy disturbance did not alter root morphology, but they did influence root chemistry. N fertilization increased fine root N concentration and content per unit area in all five orders, while canopy scorching decreased root N concentration. Moreover, TNC concentration and content in fifth order roots were also reduced by canopy scorching. Our results indicate that the small, fragile, and more easily overlooked first and second order roots may be disproportionately important in ecosystem scale C and N fluxes due to their large proportions of fine root biomass, high N concentrations, relatively short lifespans, and potentially high decomposition rates.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [43] |
王光玲. 谷子品种抗旱性生态鉴定的研究[J]. 黑龙江农业科学, 1989(2):21-24.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [44] |
Progress in understanding the network of mechanisms involved in maize primary root growth maintenance under water deficits is reviewed. These include the adjustment of growth zone dimensions, turgor maintenance by osmotic adjustment, and enhanced cell wall loosening. The role of the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) in maintaining root growth under water deficits is also addressed. The research has taken advantage of kinematic analysis, i.e. characterization of spatial and temporal patterns of cell expansion within the root growth zone. This approach revealed different growth responses to water deficits and ABA deficiency in distinct regions of the root tip. In the apical 3 mm region, elongation is maintained at well-watered rates under severe water deficit, although only in ABA-sufficient roots, whereas the region from 3-7 mm from the apex exhibits maximum elongation in well-watered roots, but progressive inhibition of elongation in roots under water deficit. This knowledge has greatly facilitated discovery of the mechanisms involved in regulating the responses. The spatial resolution with which this system has been characterized and the physiological knowledge gained to date provide a unique and powerful underpinning for functional genomics studies. Characterization of water deficit-induced changes in transcript populations and cell wall protein profiles within the growth zone of the maize primary root is in progress. Initial results from EST and unigene analyses in the tips of well-watered and water-stressed roots highlight the strength of the kinematic approach to transcript profiling.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [45] |
王思思. 干旱对我国不同年代玉米杂交种苗期生理特性的影响[D]. 泰安: 山东农业大学, 2009.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [46] |
张文英, 智慧, 柳斌辉, 等. 谷子全生育期抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选[J]. 植物遗传资源学报, 2010, 11(5):560-565.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [47] |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [48] |
The objectives of this two-year field experiment were (1) to study the effect of irrigation frequency and irrigation amount on the root characteristics of drip-irrigated spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and (2) to determine the relationship between these root characteristics and aboveground biomass and yield. A split-plot design was used with two wheat cultivars (Xinchun 6 and Xinchun 22). The irrigation treatments consisted of three irrigation intervals (D 13 d; D, 10 d; and D, 7 d) and three water amounts (W1, 3750 m/ha; W2, 6000 m/ha; and W3, 8250 m/ha). The results showed that root length density (RLD) and root weight density (RWD) were greater at 0-20 cm than at 20-40 cm at flowering. The RLD was greater in D1 and D2 than in D3 in the shallow soil layer and did not differ among the treatments with different irrigation frequencies in deep soil. The RLD at the 0-20 cm depth of W3 was 17.9% greater than that of W2 and 53.8% greater than that of W1, and the RLD trend was opposite at the 20-40 cm depth. The root-shoot ratio was significantly higher in D2 than in the other treatment, whereas the RLD, RWD, leaf Pn and LAI were significantly greater in D3. Leaf Pn and LAI both increased as the irrigation amount increased. Regression analysis showed a natural logarithmic relationship between RWD and aboveground biomass (R> 0.60, P < 0.05) and binomial relationships of the RWD at 0-20 cm depth (R = 0.43, P < 0.05) and the RLD at 20-40 cm depth (R = 0.34, P < 0.05) with grain yield. We found that with the optimum irrigation amount (W2), increasing drip irrigation frequency can increase wheat root length and root weight and aboveground biomass accumulation, thereby improving yield and water use efficiency.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [49] |
葛体达, 隋方功, 李金政, 等. 干旱对夏玉米根冠生长的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2005, 21(1):103-109.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [50] |
汪堃, 南丽丽, 师尚礼, 等. 干旱胁迫对不同根型苜蓿根系生长及根际土壤细菌的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2021, 41(19):7735-7742.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [51] |
宋凤斌, 戴俊英. 玉米茎叶和根系的生长对干旱胁迫的反应和适应性[J]. 干旱区研究, 2005, 22(2):256-258.
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| [52] |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
| {{custom_ref.label}} |
{{custom_citation.content}}
{{custom_citation.annotation}}
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
