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祁连山裸鲤(Gymnocypris chilianensis)雌雄群体的形态差异分析
赵仲孟, 黄志鹏, 赵瀚, 张露, 段元亮, 牟成艳, 周剑, 李强
中国农学通报. 2023, 39(5): 142-147
祁连山裸鲤(Gymnocypris chilianensis)雌雄群体的形态差异分析
Morphological Differences Between Male and Female Populations of Gymnocypris chilianensis
为快速准确鉴定野生祁连山裸鲤性别,分析了甘肃疏勒河流域的100尾祁连山裸鲤(Gymnocypris chilianensis)的形态学性状,建立了雌雄个体的判别模型。本研究采用单因素方差分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。单因素方差分析显示体高、体厚、背吻距、背鳍基长、头厚、眼后头长、眼径、口裂宽8个标准化性状和体长体重在两性群体间均存在着显著差异(P<0.05),主成分分析和R-聚类分析均显示雌雄个体差异主要集中在体形大小方面。通过逐步判别法筛选出15个性状构建的判别方程对两性群体识别的正确率达到92%。分析结果可知,祁连山裸鲤雌性个体比雄性个体体型大,体高、体厚均大于雄性,但口裂和眼径小、背鳍短。该研究结果可解决祁连山裸鲤性别鉴定问题,为其繁育和养殖过程提供基础资料。
To identify the sex of Gymnocypris chilianensis quickly and exactly, this paper studied morphological information of 100 Gymnocypris chilianensis samples collected from Sulehe River in Gansu Province and established a discrimination model of male and female individuals. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis and R-cluster analysis were adopted. ANOVA revealed that there were significant differences in eight standardized characteristics (body height, body thickness, dorsal kiss distance, dorsal fin base length, head thickness, posterior head length, eye diameter, mouth fissure width) and body length and weight between male and female populations (P<0.05). Based on the analysis of the morphological index system by principal component analysis and R-cluster analysis, G. chilianensis was classified by body size. On the basis of the analysis, 15 characteristics were screened and the discriminate equations were built for classification of the 100 samples with an accuracy rate of 92%. Therefore, it is concluded that the female G. chilianensis collected from Sulehe River are superior to males in body height and body thickness, but have smaller interorbital diameter, oral fissure length and dorsal fin length. The findings can be used in sex identification of G. chilianensis and provide basic information for its reproduction.
祁连山裸鲤 / 性别 / 形态差异 / 判别分析 {{custom_keyword}} /
Gymnocypris chilianensis / sex / morphological differences / discriminant analysis {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 祁连山裸鲤数量及规格 |
性别 | 数量/尾 | 体长范围/mm | 体长均值±标准差/mm | 体重范围/g | 体重均值±标准差/g |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
雌 | 56 | 151.78~233.48 | 195.22±22.22a | 54.33~175.72 | 116.12±39.74a |
雄 | 44 | 121.68~191.93 | 145.65±16.07b | 26.34~90.87 | 40.96±15.02b |
注:右上标不同字母代表差异显著(p<0.05)。 |
表2 雌雄祁连山裸鲤标准化性状的差异显著性检验 |
性状 | 雌 | 雄 | 方差齐性检验 | 单因素方差分析 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M±SD | CV/% | M±SD | CV/% | Sig. | F | df | Sig. | |||||||||
体高/体长 | 0.2100±0.01 | 7.12 | 0.1989±0.02 | 8.40 | 0.440 | 11.849 | 99 | 0.001 ** | ||||||||
体厚/体长 | 0.1589±0.01 | 8.57 | 0.1412±0.02 | 10.72 | 0.651 | 36.833 | 99 | 0.000 ** | ||||||||
尾柄长/体长 | 0.1533±0.01 | 10.90 | 0.1638±0.02 | 10.57 | 0.861 | 2.454 | 99 | 0.120 | ||||||||
尾柄高/体长 | 0.0716±0.00 | 6.83 | 0.0722±0.00 | 6.38 | 0.967 | 0.489 | 99 | 0.486 | ||||||||
背吻距/体长 | 0.5099±0.05 | 10.65 | 0.4844±0.02 | 3.66 | 0.276 | 9.812 | 99 | 0.002 ** | ||||||||
背尾距/体长 | 0.3952±0.04 | 10.29 | 0.4070±0.05 | 13.42 | 0.024 | 1.470 | 99 | 0.228 | ||||||||
背鳍基长/体长 | 0.1131±0.05 | 49.90 | 0.1390±0.02 | 14.67 | 0.671 | 9.101 | 99 | 0.003 ** | ||||||||
头高/头长 | 0.6078±0.05 | 7.51 | 0.6325±0.24 | 38.20 | 0.204 | 0.492 | 99 | 0.485 | ||||||||
头厚/头长 | 0.5996±0.05 | 8.50 | 0.5466±0.04 | 7.58 | 0.243 | 31.958 | 99 | 0.000 ** | ||||||||
吻长/头长 | 0.2951±0.02 | 7.68 | 0.2971±0.02 | 7.65 | 0.850 | 0.188 | 99 | 0.666 | ||||||||
眼后头长/头长 | 0.5172±0.03 | 5.44 | 0.4882±0.03 | 6.59 | 0.514 | 22.635 | 99 | 0.000 ** | ||||||||
眼径/头长 | 0.1968±0.02 | 7.75 | 0.2222±0.02 | 8.60 | 0.127 | 53.258 | 99 | 0.000 ** | ||||||||
眼间距/头长 | 0.4034±0.02 | 11.10 | 0.3879±0.05 | 12.45 | 0.302 | 2.715 | 99 | 0.103 | ||||||||
性状 | 雌 | 雄 | 方差齐性检验 | 单因素方差分析 | ||||||||||||
M±SD | CV/% | M±SD | CV/% | Sig. | F | df | Sig. | |||||||||
口裂宽/头长 | 0.3338±0.03 | 8.40 | 0.3182±0.03 | 8.53 | 0.640 | 7.789 | 99 | 0.006** | ||||||||
口裂长/头长 | 0.2673±0.02 | 9.30 | 0.2676±0.02 | 8.86 | 0.699 | 0.005 | 99 | 0.946 | ||||||||
鼻孔间距/头长 | 0.1787±0.02 | 12.14 | 0.1768±0.02 | 10.21 | 0.265 | 0.231 | 99 | 0.632 |
注:**代表差异极显著(P<0.01)。 |
表3 主成分分析因子载荷值及贡献率 |
性状 | 主成分 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
体高/体长 | 0.17 | 0.01 | -0.13 | 0.30 | 0.26 | 0.07 |
体厚/体长 | 0.17 | -0.07 | -0.18 | 0.31 | 0.01 | 0.17 |
尾柄长/体长 | 0.08 | 0.18 | 0.01 | -0.35 | 0.22 | -0.34 |
尾柄高/体长 | 0.09 | 0.10 | -0.06 | 0.16 | 0.53 | 0.01 |
背吻距/体长 | 0.11 | -0.21 | 0.30 | 0.21 | -0.10 | -0.27 |
背尾距/体长 | -0.11 | -0.13 | 0.21 | 0.02 | 0.46 | 0.22 |
背鳍基长/体长 | -0.15 | 0.15 | -0.29 | -0.09 | 0.05 | 0.36 |
头高/头长 | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.05 | 0.25 | -0.19 | -0.10 |
头厚/头长 | 0.20 | -0.06 | -0.09 | -0.10 | -0.01 | 0.06 |
吻长/头长 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.40 | -0.15 | 0.11 | 0.33 |
眼后头长/头长 | -0.01 | -0.31 | -0.22 | -0.13 | 0.00 | 0.10 |
眼径/头长 | -0.12 | 0.24 | 0.15 | 0.25 | 0.02 | -0.01 |
眼间距/头长 | 0.18 | 0.16 | -0.40 | -0.15 | -0.07 | -0.22 |
口裂宽/头长 | 0.13 | -0.08 | 0.20 | -0.16 | -0.14 | 0.45 |
口裂长/头长 | 0.08 | 0.20 | -0.01 | 0.15 | -0.27 | 0.38 |
鼻孔间距/头长 | 0.12 | 0.11 | -0.04 | -0.29 | 0.04 | 0.12 |
特征值 | 4.02 | 2.42 | 1.78 | 1.40 | 1.30 | 1.05 |
贡献率/% | 25.11 | 15.14 | 11.13 | 8.76 | 8.14 | 6.58 |
累积贡献率/% | 25.11 | 40.25 | 51.38 | 60.14 | 68.28 | 74.86 |
表4 判别函数对观测样本的预测分类及准确率 |
种类 | 样本量/尾 | 准确率/% | 预测分类 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
雌 | 雄 | |||
雌 | 50 | 90.0 | 45 | 5 |
雄 | 50 | 94.0 | 3 | 47 |
总计 | 100 | 92.0 | 48 | 52 |
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