为了探明7种除草剂土壤喷雾施药对冬小麦田一年生杂草的防治效果与对冬小麦的安全性,参照《农药田间药效试验准则》相应方法于田间比较了施药前浇水与施药后浇水两种模式下防效与安全性的差异。结果表明,药剂在施药后浇水处理模式下对杂草总体的防效优于施药前浇水处理模式;试验剂量下,施药后浇水模式中氟噻草胺药后150天对猪殃殃、播娘蒿、看麦娘3种杂草的总体株数防效和鲜重防效均高于95%,噁草酮有效量720 g/hm²处理对播娘蒿、看麦娘的鲜重防效高于95%,对猪殃殃的鲜重防效则高于85%。从安全性、防效及除草剂减量角度综合分析,推荐在小麦田使用氟噻草胺和噁草酮进行土壤封闭处理,一次施药即有理想的防除效果。

In order to clarify the control efficacy of 7 pre-emergence herbicides against the annual weeds and their safety to winter wheat, the differences of control efficacy and safety of the herbicides between two modes of watering before and after herbicide application were compared in field according to Pesticide-Guidelines for the Field Efficacy Trails. The results showed that the total control efficacy under the watering mode after herbicide application was better than that under watering before herbicide application. Under the watering mode after herbicide application, the reduction in both weed number and biomass of Galium aparine, Descurainia Sophia and Alopecurus aequalis caused by flufenacet were higher than 95% at 150 days after treatment (DAT). Oxadiazon at 720 g active ingredient caused over 95% reduction in biomass of D. Sophia and A. aequalis, and over 85% reduction in biomass of G. aparine at 150 DAT. Based on the comprehensive analysis of safety, control efficacy and herbicide reduction, it is recommended to use flufenacet and oxadiazon for pre-emergence application in wheat field, which have ideal control efficacy with application once.