为探明油茶林地土壤养分特征与种仁品质性状关系,以浙江省不同油茶栽培区7个试验点的‘长林’系列良种林分为对象,分析了林地土壤养分特征以及种仁含油率、脂肪酸组分和角鲨烯、维生素E、谷甾醇等活性成分含量。结果表明,浙江省不同油茶栽培区林地土壤养分特征差异较大,土壤有机质、水解性氮、有效磷和速效钾含量的变异系数在32.66%~142.26%之间,土壤有机质和水解性氮含量间、有效磷和速效钾含量间分别呈显著正相关关系(P<0.01),有机肥和磷钾肥平衡应用是提升油茶林地土壤营养供给能力的重要措施。此外,土壤氮磷比与油茶种仁含油率、单不饱和脂肪酸含量呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05),与多不饱和脂肪酸、角鲨烯含量呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),土壤氮磷比是影响品质性状形成的重要因子,比值在7.60~26.92之间,有利于促进油茶产量和品质的提升。本研究可为油茶林地土壤高效营养管理提供参考。

To clarify the correlations between soil nutrient characteristics and quality traits of kernels in Camellia oleifera forest land, the samples from 7 sites of different cultivation areas in Zhejiang Province were used to analyze the soil nutrient characteristics and kernel oil content, fatty acid composition, and active ingredients including squalene, vitamin E and sitosterol of ‘Changlin’ varieties. The results showed that the soil nutrient characteristics varied dramatically among different sites and the variation coefficients of the content of soil organic matter, hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium were between 32.66% and 142.26%. A significant positive correlation was found between the content of soil organic matter and hydrolyzed nitrogen, and the content of available phosphorus and available potassium as well (P<0.01). It was clear that the balance application of organic and phosphorus-potassium fertilizer was important for improving nutrient supply in Camellia oleifera cultivation. In addition, we found that the soil N/P ratio was negatively correlated with oil and monounsaturated fatty acids content in kernel (P<0.05), while positively correlated with polyunsaturated fatty acids and squalene content in kernel (P<0.05). The soil N/P ratio was an important factor affecting quality traits of Camellia oleifera and it could improve oil yield and quality when it was controlled at 7.60-26.92. This study could provide reference for efficient soil nutrient management in Camellia oleifera cultivation.