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改革开放以来广东农民收入变化特征及未来选择
Variation Characteristics and Future Choice of Farmers’ Income in Guangdong Province Since the Reform and Opening Up
农业农村工作,说一千、道一万,增加农民收入是关键。本文通过系统回顾改革开放40多年来广东农民收入的变动历程及其来源构成,分析当前及今后一段时期广东农民增收面临的主要问题和挑战,判断未来广东农民收入的增长点及政策选择,具有重要现实意义。研究发现,改革开放以来广东农民收入增速经历了“快速增长—明显下滑—恢复—低迷—持续较快增长”5个阶段;农民收入来源发生了根本性变化,工资性收入贡献占主体地位、经营性收入贡献呈递减趋势、转移性收入成为新亮点、财产性收入贡献度较低;城乡居民收入绝对差距呈“剪刀差”持续扩大趋势。当前,广东农民收入增长中存在财产性收入偏少、分配公平性不足等问题和矛盾。新时期,需适应经济新常态的变化,着力构建农民持续稳定增收的长效机制,包括提升农民人力资本,促进农村一二三产业融合发展,完善农村各项产权制度,提高农村社会保障水平等。
The key to agricultural and rural work is to increase farmers’ income. This paper systematically reviewed the change and source components of Guangdong farmers’ income in the past 40 years of the reform and opening up, analyzed the main problems and challenges faced by Guangdong farmers’ income increase at present and in the future, and judged future growth points and policy choices of Guangdong farmers’ income increase. Since the reform and opening up, the growth rate of farmers’ income in Guangdong has experienced five stages: rapid growth-apparent decline-recovery-downturn-sustained rapid growth. The source of farmers’ income has changed fundamentally, the wage income contribution has become the main body, the business income contribution has decreased, the transfer income has become a new bright spot, and the property income contribution is relatively low. The absolute income gap between urban and rural residents shows that the ‘scissors gap’ continues to expand. At present, there are some problems and contradictions in the income growth of Guangdong farmers, such as less property income and insufficient fairness of distribution. In the new era, it is necessary to adapt to the changes of the new normal of the economy and strive to build a long-term mechanism for the sustained and stable increase of farmers’ income, including raising farmers’ human capital, promoting the development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas, enhancing the rural property rights system, and improving the level of rural social security.
农村居民 / 人均可支配收入 / 历史回顾 / 收入结构 / 变化特征 / 乡村振兴 {{custom_keyword}} /
rural residents / per capita disposable income / historical review / income structure / variation characteristics / rural revitalization {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 1978—2019年广东农民收入增长特点及阶段划分依据 |
| 时间段 | 农民收入增长 特点 | 农村居民人均可支配收入 | 城镇居民收入 实际增速 | GDP实际 增速 | CPI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 名义增速 | 实际增速 | |||||
| 1978—1987 | 快速增长阶段 | 14.66% | 11.03% | 6.57% | 13.17% | 6.12% |
| 1988—1990 | 明显下滑阶段 | 16.34% | 2.10% | 4.29% | 11.46% | 15.49% |
| 1991—1996 | 恢复阶段 | 20.44% | 7.28% | 10.13% | 18.19% | 11.87% |
| 1997—2005 | 低迷阶段 | 4.40% | 3.90% | 6.59% | 12.28% | 0.37% |
| 2006—2019 | 持续较快增长阶段 | 10.84% | 8.12% | 7.00% | 9.50% | 2.53% |
| 1978—2019 | —— | 11.95% | 7.23% | 7.07% | 12.26% | 5.11% |
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文章所在专题
图1 1979—2019年广东城乡居民人均可支配收入实际增速
表1 1978—2019年广东农民收入增长特点及阶段划分依据图2 1978—2019年广东农民人均可支配收入来源构成图3 1978—2019年广东城乡居民收入及差距变化/
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