为明确四川省地方花生品种资源的遗传多样性及特征,以四川省100份地方花生品种为试验材料,参照《花生种质资源描述规范和数据标准》测试获得了生育期、主茎高和百果重等主要农艺性状的数据。结果表明,在考察的14个性状中,变异幅度最大的是二次分枝数(54.12%),变异幅度最小的是生育期(0.99%)。多样性指数最高的是主茎高度2.99,最小的是生长期0.19。采用Ward法对四川省地方花生品种进行聚类,在遗传距离阈值为5时,将其分为3个类群,均以密枝亚种为主。其中Ⅰ类群分布有7份珍珠豆型材料,Ⅲ类群分布有9份珍珠豆型材料,同一地理来源的多个地方品种交叉出现在这3个群体中。表明四川地方花生品种的遗传关系与所属类型和区域来源无关,但花生品种间具有丰富的遗传多样性。研究可在提高地方品种的有效利用率同时,为花生育种提供理论基础和优质亲本材料。

The genetic diversity and characteristics of peanut landraces in Sichuan Province were clarified to provide a theoretical basis and high-quality parent materials for peanut breeding. The materials were 100 peanut landraces from different areas in Sichuan Province. The data of main agronomic traits such as growth period, mainstem length and 100-pod weight were obtained by referring to the Specification and Data Standard of Peanut Germplasm Resources.The results showed that among the 14 traits, the secondary branching number per plant possessed the largest coefficient of variance (54.12%), and the growth period possessed the smallest coefficient of variance (0.99%). The mainstem length per plant had the highest index of genetic diversity (2.99), and the growing period per plant had the smallest index of genetic diversity (0.19). Based on agronomic traits, 100 materials were clustered into 3 groups which were dominated by fastigiata in the mean Euclidean distance 5. There were 7 pearl bean type materials in groupⅠand 9 pearl bean type materials in group Ⅲ. At the same time, multiple landraces of the same geographical origin crossed over in these three groups. The results indicate that the genetic relationship of Sichuan peanut landraces is not related to their type and geographical origin, but there is rich genetic diversity among peanut varieties.