连续3年开展不同施肥水平对柠檬幼树养分含量及果实产量、品质影响的研究,以期筛选出柠檬幼树适宜的经济施肥量。每株每月分别施用柠檬幼树专用肥0(CK)、10、20、40、80、160 g,测定各处理叶片、果实、果皮、果肉的矿质养分含量,每年统计单株产量及果实品质,探讨施肥量对矿质养分吸收和果实产量、品质的影响。结果表明,施肥能显著增加叶片和果实N、Mg、Zn、Mn、Cu、Fe含量。随着施肥量的增加,P、K含量先降低后增加,Ca、Mg、Fe含量则呈相反趋势,为先增加后减少。不同施肥处理3年总产量表现为40 g>20 g>10 g>80 g>0 g>160 g;肥料用量为40 g时的产量和品质最佳,其产量是对照的9.62倍,可食率、出汁率、可溶性固形物、维生素C、可滴定酸分别增加26.97%、7.37%、38.21%、21.57%、39.38%。综合考虑植株的养分、产量和果实品质情况,推荐柠檬幼树生长中每株每月施用柠檬专用肥40 g。

This paper aims to study the effects of different fertilization levels on the nutrients’ content, yield and quality of fruits of young lemon trees by an experiment lasted three years, thus to screen the appropriate economic fertilization level for young lemon trees. By applying specific lemon sapling fertilizer of 0 (CK), 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 g to each plant per month, we explored the effects on mineral nutrient absorption, fruit yield and quality of trees under different rate of fertilizer application. The contents of mineral nutrients in leaves, fruits, peel and pulp were measured, and the yield and fruit quality of each plant were counted every year. The results showed that fertilization could significantly increase the content of N, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Fe in leaves and fruits. With the increase of fertilizer application, the content of P and K decreased first and then increased, the content of Ca, Mg and Fe increased first and then decreased. The total yield of 3 years under different fertilization treatments was as follows: 40 g>20 g>10 g>80 g>0 g>160 g. The yield and quality of fruits were the best under 40 g treatment, its yield was 9.62 times that of control, and its edible rate, juice yield, TSS, vitamin C and decidable acid increased by 26.97%, 7.37%, 38.21%, 21.57% and 39.38%, respectively. Considering the nutrient, fruit yield and quality, it is recommended to apply 40 g of special fertilizer to young lemon trees every month.