为探讨花培育种粳稻品种亲缘系谱及农艺性状的综合特性,以黑龙江省1975—2019年育成的22个花培育种品种为研究对象,利用遗传亲本和15个农艺性状的信息数据,采用亲缘协方差及相关、多重比较、聚类等统计方法,对供试材料亲缘遗传系数及主要农艺性状进行比较分析。结果表明,黑龙江省花培育种技术应用已取得显著成效,但其推广与应用还有很大潜力。此外,具有亲缘关系品种组合仅占231个组合的4.8%,遗传差异大、遗传多样性水平高,筛选出‘龙粳香1号’、‘龙粳45’、‘龙粳3767’、‘龙粳7号’和‘龙粳4号’5份种质资源为核心亲本种质。同时,明确了今后黑龙江省花培育种目标,即在稳定改善产量、胶稠度含量、穗粒数、糙米率、食味品质及垩白度的基础上,着重提高结实率、整精米率、穗长,降低株高、垩白粒率、蛋白质含量、直链淀粉含量和穗颈瘟级别。研究结果可为今后黑龙江省花培育种技术推广以及种质资源利用、新品种创新提供理论参考。

To investigate the comprehensive characteristics of pedigree and agronomic characters of Japonica rice cultivars by anther culture breeding, we investigated 15 agronomic characters of 22 cultivars and genetic parents which were bred by anther culture in Heilongjiang Province from 1975 to 2019, to analyze the genetic coefficients and main agronomic characters comparatively with covariance, correlation, multiple comparison and clustering methods. The results show that anther culture breeding technology has obtained remarkable achievement in Heilongjiang Province, whereas there are still much potential for its popularization and application. Furthermore, the genetically related variety combinations account for only 4.8% of the 231 combinations, with large genetic differences and high levels of genetic diversity. Meanwhile, five germplasms, ‘Longjingxiang 1’, ‘Longjing 45’, ‘Longjing 3767’, ‘Longjing 4’ and ‘Longjing 7’ are selected as core parent germplasm. Based on the stable improvement of yield, gel consistency, grain number per spike, brown rice rate, eating quality and chalkiness rate, the targets of anther culture breeding in Heilongjiang are clarified to enhance seed setting rate, rate of head rice and spike length, and to decrease plant height, rate of chalkiness rice, protein content, amylose content and neck blast. The study could provide theoretical reference for the anther culture breeding technology extension, germplasm utilization and variety selection in Heilongjiang Province.