为探讨一次性减量施用缓控释肥对机采棉氮磷钾养分吸收和产量的影响,获得适宜安徽沿江棉区的机采棉最佳施肥量,根据“3414”肥料试验方案,以棉花品种‘中915’为材料,设计氮磷钾3因素4施肥水平的田间肥效试验。结果表明,各施肥处理棉花单株结铃数、单铃重等均高于不施肥对照(CK),各施肥处理皮棉产量为834.83~1443.35 kg/hm²,较CK增加了37.9%~138.4%,N₂P₂K₂处理(N 150 kg/hm²、P₂O₅ 75 kg/hm²、K₂O 120 kg/hm²)的皮棉产量最高。棉花单株氮累积量各施肥处理显著高于对照,增加了37.2%~79.4%,氮累积量随施氮量的增加先增后减,以N₂P₂K₂处理最大。棉花单株磷素累积量各施肥处理显著高于对照,增加了8.1%~53.5%,N₁P₁K₂处理(N 75 kg/hm²、P₂O₅ 37.5 kg/hm²、K₂O 120 kg/hm²)最大,N₂P₂K₂处理次之。棉花单株钾累积量施肥处理显著高于对照,增加了29.9%~97.0%,以N₂P₂K₃处理(N 150 kg/hm²、P₂O₅ 75 kg/hm²、K₂O 180 kg/hm²)最大,其次为N₂P₃K₂(N 150 kg/hm²、P₂O₅ 112.5 kg/hm²、K₂O 120 kg/hm²)、N₂P₂K₂。综合来看N₂P₂K₂的产量及相关性状表现最好。结合养分吸收和产量构成相关数据综合分析,推荐在安徽沿江棉区机采棉模式种植可采用缓控释肥一次性减量施用,氮肥纯养分施用量为N 150 kg/hm²、P₂O₅ 75 kg/hm²、K₂O 120 kg/hm²。

To study the effect of one-off fertilization of slow-release fertilizer on the absorption of N, P, K and yield of machine-picked cotton, and determine the suitable fertilizer application amount for cotton area of Wangjiang, a field experiment was conducted using ‘Zhong915’ with treatments of three factors of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and four fertilizer rates according to ‘3414’ fertilizer experiment model. The results showed that the boll number per plant and the boll weight of cotton under different fertilization treatments were higher than no fertilization treatment (CK), the lint yield of different fertilization treatments was 834.83-1443.35 kg/hm², compared with that of CK, the lint yield increased by 37.9%-138.4%, and the lint yield of treatment of N₂P₂K₂(N 150 kg/hm²、P₂O₅ 75 kg/hm²、K₂O 120 kg/hm²) was the highest. Compared with CK, the nitrogen accumulation per plant of cotton increased by 37.2%-79.4% under different fertilizer rates, with the increase of nitrogen accumulation per plant first increased and then decreased, and treatment of N₂P₂K₂ had the largest nitrogen accumulation per plant. The accumulation of phosphorus per plant was significantly higher than that of CK, increased by 8.1%-53.5%, that of the treatment N₁P₁K₂ (N 75 kg/hm², P₂O₅ 37.5 kg/hm², K₂O 120 kg/hm²) was the largest, and then was that of treatment N₂P₂K₂. The accumulation of potassium accumulation per plant was significantly higher than that of CK, increased by 29.9%-97.0%, that of the treatment N₂P₂K₃ (N 150 kg/hm², P₂O₅ 75 kg/hm², K₂O 180 kg/hm²) was the largest, followed by that of N₂P₃K₂ (N 150 kg/hm², P₂O₅ 112.5 kg/hm², K₂O 120 kg/hm²) and N₂P₂K₂. Overall, the treatment of N₂P₂K₂ is the most suitable for achieving high yield and good correlated characters. Based on the comprehensive analysis of nutrient absorption and yield components, it is suggested that the most suitable fertilizer application amount of N, P and K should be N 150 kg/hm², P₂O₅ 75 kg/hm² and K₂O 120 kg/hm².