为了探究杂交水稻籽粒的比重与产量因素及品质因素相关性,以高产优质品种天优华占为对照,对7个三系不育系与5个自选恢复系进行杂交配组后得到组合的单株穗数、每穗总粒数、籽粒体积、比重、充实度、千粒重等进行研究。结果发现,千粒重是影响产量的最大因素,其次是单株穗数；籽粒比重的提高可以提高整精米率和降低垩白度,从而改善水稻的产量和品质。研究认为,杂交稻水稻的选育中,籽粒较大的情况下兼顾单株穗数和充实度,且单方面强调通过增加粒重去提高产量会导致整精米率降低,因此为兼顾产量与品质,籽粒比重适中为宜。
Abstract
To explore the correlation between the grain proportion and yield and quality traits of hybrid rice, using the high-yield and high-quality variety‘Tianyouhuazhan’as the control, the combinations were obtained from the hybridization with seven three-line sterile lines and five self-selected restorer lines. The panicle number per plant, the total number of grains per panicle, grain volume, proportion, 1000-grain weight, plumpness, head rice rate and chalkiness degree were detected. There were differences in the panicle number per plant, the total number of grains per panicle and chalkiness among different combinations. The grain proportion increased with the increasing grain weight and volume, and it was positively correlated with yield, but negatively correlated with head rice rate. Through the correlation analysis between grain proportion and yield quality traits, it was found that the grain proportion was positively correlated with head rice rate (0.8370**) and 1000- grain weight (0.7643**), and the correlation coefficients reached extremely significant level, among which 1000- grain weight was the biggest factor affecting yield and the important factor determining the grain proportion. Grain proportion was also positively correlated with the total number of grains per panicle (0.2697) and volume (0.0053), and negatively correlated with plumpness (- 0.2065), the panicle number per plant (-0.3326) and chalkiness degree (-0.1546). The increase of grain proportion can improve head rice rate and reduce the degree of chalkiness, thus to improve the yield and quality of rice. In the breeding of hybrid rice, the panicle number per plant and the plumpness should be considered in the case of large grain, and unilaterally increasing the grain weight would result in head rice rate decreasing. Therefore, in order to balance the yield and quality, the grain proportion should be moderate.
关键词
杂交稻，籽粒，比重，产量性状
{{custom_keyword}} /
Key words
hybrid;rice, grain, specific;gravity, yield;trait
{{custom_keyword}} /
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 黄庭旭, 谢从寿. 水稻超高产育种问题初探[J]. 福建稻麦科技, 1998, 16(2): 5-7.
[2] 肖经鸿, 孟秋成, 曹克勤, 等. 杂交稻及其亲本千粒重与产量的关系研究[J]. 湖南农业科学, 2009, (3): 7-9.
[3] 刘建丰, 陈光辉, 何强, 等. 不同产量水平杂交稻产量构成因素的分析[J]. 云南农业大学学报, 2006, 21(6):707-710.
[4] 马均,陶诗顺. 杂交水稻超多蘖壮秧超稀栽培的增产作用及机理研究[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 1995, 13(4): 525-532.
[5] 刘建丰, 袁隆平. 超高产杂交稻产量性状研究[J]. 湖南农业大学学报, 2002 ,28(6):453-456.
[6] 杨春霞, 朱莲, 柳林景, 等. 小麦籽粒若干品质特征及其与产量关系的研究[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2001, 29(4):26-28.
[7] 白云岗, 加孜拉. 不同土壤肥力条件下的滴灌冬小麦水肥运筹试验研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2016, 32(6):11-18.
[8] 黄发松, 孙宗修, 胡培松, 等. 食用稻米品质形成研究的现状与展望[J].中国水稻科学, 1998, 12(3):172-176.
[9] 李贤勇, 何永歆, 李顺斌, 等. 水稻千粒重与垩白粒率的相关性分析[J]. 西南农业学报, 2003, 16(4):20-23.
[10] 周立军, 江玲, 刘喜, 等. 水稻千粒重和垩白粒率的QTL 及其互作分析[J]. 作物学报, 2009, 35(2): 255?261.
[11] Song X J, Huang W, Shi M, et al. A QTL for rice grain width and weight encodes a previously unknown RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase. Nat Genet, 2007, 39: 623?630.
[12] 徐富贤, 熊洪, 朱永川, 等. 川东南高温伏旱区杂交中稻超稀栽培对稻米整精米率的影响与组合间库源结构的关系[J]. 植物生态报, 2005, 29(5): 829-835.
[13] 黄婧, 刘建丰. 杂交水稻籽粒比重与其他穗粒性状的相关性和遗传分析[J]. 湖南农业科学, 2004, (5): 7-10.
[14] 张丽, 张吉旺, 樊昕, 等. 玉米籽粒比重与灌浆特性的关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(12): 2327-2334.
[15] Karababa E. Physical properties of popeom kernels[J]. Journal of Food Engineering, 2006, 72: 100-107.
[16] 张晓芳, 张玉良. 我国小麦籽粒容重的研究[J]. 作物品种资源, 1997, 12(2): 24-25.
[17] 翟耀峰, 张俊, 孟菁, 等．浅议如何评价小麦品质[J]. 陕西农业科学, 1995, 24(2): 94-95.
[18] 甄志高, 段莹, 王晓林, 等. 花生籽粒比重与生态特性的研究[J]. 花生学报, 2004, 33(1): 32-34.
[19] 高良艳, 周鸿飞. 水稻产量构成因素与产量的分析[J]. 辽宁农业科学, 2007, 48(1):26-28
[20] 张丽华, 魏兴华,章林平, 等. 水稻种质粒重的特性和利用研究[J]. 中国种业, 1997,16(2):8-10.
[21] 王余龙, 姚友礼, 李昙云, 等. 水稻籽粒有关性状与粒重关系的初步探讨[J].作物学报, 1995,21(5):573-578.
[22] Suchit Shrestha, Folkard Asch, Julie Dusserre, et al. Climate effectson yield components as affected by genotypic responses to variable environmental conditions in upland rice systems at different altitudes [J]. Field Crops Research, 2012, 134: 216-228.
[23] 徐富贤, 熊洪, 张林, 等. 杂交中稻籽粒性状在不同生态区和施氮水平下的变异研究[J]. 杂交水稻, 2011, 26(2): 45-51.
[24] 林荔辉, 吴为人. 水稻粒型和粒重的QTL定位分析[J]. 分子植物育种, 2003, 1(3): 337-342.
[25] 吕川根, 宗寿余, 胡凝,等. 两系杂交稻两优培九粒重因子的环境模型解析及生态特征分析[J]. 作物学报, 2008, 34(12): 2202-2209.
{{custom_fnGroup.title_cn}}
脚注
{{custom_fn.content}}
PDF(939 KB)
