针对花生种植使用普通地膜造成的环境污染问题,通过大田小区试验,对比了生物降解膜(BD)、普通地膜(PE)和不盖膜(CK)处理对花生不同生长时期的养分吸收、土壤的养分变化以及产量等方面的影响。结果表明：收获期PE和BD处理的产量分别为7098.09、6868.92 kg/hm ²,较CK处理显著增产25.85%和21.78%。PE和BD处理土壤中的碱解氮和有效磷含量均呈现出"先减少后增加"的趋势,而有效钾含量表现为逐步下降的趋势,苗期为最大值,此后逐渐最低。不同覆盖条件下,花生植株地上部分的养分吸收量逐步增加,花生各生长时期的氮、磷、钾累积吸收量均表现为PE>BD>CK。该试验从土壤营养和花生养分吸收利用方面展开研究,为生物降解膜应用于花生生产可行性提供了理论依据。

In view of the environmental pollution caused by the common mulch film used in peanut planting, we compared the effects of biodegradable films (BD), common plastic films (PE) and non-cover films (CK) on the nutrient absorption of peanuts, soil nutrient and yield of peanuts at different growth stages through a field test. The results showed that: the yield of PE and BD in the harvesting period was 7908.09 and 6868.92 kg/hm ², respectively, significantly increased by 25.85% and 21.78% compared with that of CK; the content of alkali nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil treated by PE and BD showed a trend of "first decrease and then increase", while the available potassium content showed a decline trend, which was the maximum at the seedling stage, and then gradually decreased; under different films, the nutrient uptake of the aerial parts of peanut plants increased gradually; the cumulative absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at peanut growth stages showed PE>BD>CK. The experiment was carried out from the aspects of soil nutrient and nutrient absorption and utilization of peanut, and could provide a basis for the application of biodegradable film in peanut production.