研究除草剂在不同杂草群落结构麦田中的防治效果,探索杂草对不同药剂的敏感性,以期为麦田杂草的化学防控提供支持。通过田间小区试验的方法,测定了不同除草剂在冬小麦阔叶杂草田、禾草田、禾阔混生田的防治效果。结果表明：双氟磺草胺对阔叶杂草的效果最好,禾草发生较多的田块及禾阔混生田以甲基二磺隆、啶磺草胺、氟唑磺隆为好;播娘蒿、荠菜等对大部分防治阔叶杂草的药剂依然较为敏感,其中双氟磺草胺敏感性最高,并对恶性杂草猪殃殃有特效;大部分禾本科杂草对甲基二磺隆、啶磺草胺、氟唑磺隆敏感,但只有甲基二磺隆对恶性杂草节节麦有良好的防治效果。以阔叶杂草为主的小麦田首选双氟磺草胺,以禾本科杂草及禾阔混生的小麦田宜选择甲基二磺隆。

By studying the control effect of herbicides on different weed community structures in wheat fields, and exploring the susceptibility of weeds against the herbicides, we aim to provide support for chemical control of weeds in wheat field. By field trials, we determined the control effect of herbicides against broadleaf weeds, gramineous weeds and both broadlear-gramineous weeds in wheat fields. The results showed that: florasulam was the best herbicides against broadleaf weeds, while mesosulfuron-methyl, pyroxsulam and flucarbazone had good control effect against gramineous weeds and some broadleaf weeds; broadleaf weeds, such as Descuminia sophia and Capsella bursa-pastoris were still susceptible to most tested herbicides, the susceptibility to florasulam was the highest, and florasulam had excellent control effect against Galium aparine L.; most gramineous weeds were susceptible to mesosulfuron-methyl, pyroxsulam and flucarbazone, but only mesosulfuron-methyl was effective against Aegilops tauschii Coss. The preferred herbicide to control broadleaf weeds is florasulam, while the best choice for gramineous weeds and broadlear-gramineous weeds is mesosulfuron-methyl.