【目的】同心县作为宁夏中部干旱带的核心区域,由于引水灌溉干旱区耕地利用方式、作物结构调整、施肥管理措施的变化土壤肥力随之发生深刻变化,自第二次土壤普查已经历30年,科学评价土壤肥力变化特征,明确该区域当前土壤肥力状况,以实现耕地资源的有效利用的和农业可持续发展。【方法】通过对2008—2012年宁夏中部干旱带同心县测土配方施肥项目的2000份土壤肥力指标数据采用One-anova统计描述、主成分分析法进行分析,并与第二次普查数据对比分析农田土壤肥力的变化特征,明确同心县农田土壤肥力现状。【结果】目前,宁夏中部干旱带同心县农田土壤的pH 平均为8.77,与土壤全盐、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾极显著的负相关(P＜0.01),全盐含量平均为0.30g/kg,土壤全盐与土壤有效磷呈正相关,但无显著差异,与其他指标呈负相关,有机质含量平均为7.08 g/kg,与土壤全氮、速效氮磷钾养分之间有极显著正相关性(P＜0.01),全氮含量平均为0.57g/kg,与土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量有极显著正相关(P＜0.01),碱解氮含量平均为36.07mg/kg,有效磷含量平均为14.77 mg/kg,速效钾含量平均为170.63mg/kg,速效氮磷钾之间均呈显著极显著正相关。同心县农田土壤有碱化趋势,与第二次土壤普查结果相比,土壤有机质下降12.2%,全氮下降降低10.5%,碱解氮含量基本持平,有效磷提高121.4%、速效钾下降4.8%。【结论】干旱气候条件下,宁夏中部干旱带同心县农田土壤肥力指标变化显著。建议该区域在作物栽培过程中选择酸性土壤调理剂降低土壤碱化程度,重视生理酸性肥料的应用,强化有机肥与化肥配施,加大秸秆还田技术的推广力度,以实现区域农田土壤肥力的提升和养分的平衡供应。
Abstract
Tongxin County is the core area in the arid region of central Ningxia. 30 years since the 2nd national soil investigation, soil fertility has undergone profound changes. To understand the soil fertility characteristics of farmland in Tongxin County, 2000 soil samples were collected from Tongxin County from 2008 to 2012. The soil fertility data of these samples were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA and principal component analysis, and compared with the data from the 2nd national soil investigation. The results showed that compared with the data of the 2nd national soil investigation, soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available potassium decreased by 12.2% , 10.5% and 4.8% , respectively, while available phosphorus increased by 121.4% and available nitrogen remained at the same level. The average pH value of farmland soil was 8.77, showing significantly negative correlations with the content of soil total salt, organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium (P＜0.01). Soil total salt was 0.30 g/kg, showing a positive correlation with available phosphorus without significant difference. However, soil total salt was negatively correlated with other soil indexes. The soil organic matter content was 7.08 g/kg, showing significantly positive correlations with total nitrogen, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (P＜0.01). Soil total nitrogen content was 0.57 g/kg, showing significantly positive correlations with available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (P＜0.01). The contents of soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were 36.07, 14.77 and 170.63 mg/kg, respectively, showing significantly positive correlations with each other. It is suggested to use effective methods to increase soil fertility and to balance nutrition supply, such as choosing acid soil
conditioner in cultivation to alleviate soil alkalization, emphasizing the application of physiological acid fertilizer.
关键词
土壤肥力; 同心县;测土配方施肥;综合评价
{{custom_keyword}} /
Key words
soil fertility; Tongxin county ; soil testing and fertilizer recommendation; comprehensive evaluation
{{custom_keyword}} /
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] Qin Chuan,HE Bing-Hui,JIANG Xian-Jun.Soil nuterent characteristics of different lan-use types in the Three Gorges Reservoir[J]..Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016,25(9):10-19.秦川, 何丙辉, 蒋先军. 三峡库区不同土地利用方式下土壤养分含量特征研究[J].草业学报, 2016, 25(9):10-19.
[2] Huang J, Jiang X J, Zeng Y H, et al. A review on the evaluation methods and indexes of soil fertility in paddy fields[J]. Soil Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2017. (6):1-8.黄晶, 蒋先军, 曾跃辉,等. 稻田土壤肥力评价方法及指标研究进展[J].. 中国土壤与肥料, 2017(6):1-8.
[3] Lei C Y, Tian C Y. Contents of Soil Organic Carbon in Newly Reclaimed Field in Arid Desert Zone[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources Environment, 2008. 22(6):105-110.雷春英, 田长彦. 干旱区荒漠新垦土地土壤有机碳含量特征[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2008, 22(6):105-110.
[4] Wanli X U, Tang G, Sheng J, et al. Effects of cultivation on organic carbon fractionation and aggregate stability in Xinjiang oasis soils[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(7):1773-1779.徐万里, 唐光木, 盛建东,等. 垦殖对新疆绿洲农田土壤有机碳组分及团聚体稳定性的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2010, 30(7):1773-1779.
[5] Chen L M, Gui L G, Jia-Long L V, et al. Evaluation on Soil Fertility Quality of Newly Cultivated Light Sierozem Under Different Fertilization with Methods of Principal Component and Cluster Analyses[J]. Soils, 2008. 40(6):971-975.陈留美,桂林国,吕家珑,等.应用主成分分析和聚类分析评价不同施肥处理条件下新垦淡灰钙土土壤肥力质量[J].土壤, 2008, 40(6):971-975.
[6] Wen-Jie Q U, Song N P, Yang X G. Assessment and analysis of early dynamic changes of cropland soil quality in Yanghuang irrigated area in Ningxia[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2015. , 33(4):273-278.曲文杰, 宋乃平, 杨新国. 扬黄灌区土壤质量早期变化的综合评价与分析[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2015, 33(4):273-278.
[7] Yang GX,Qun WJ,Song NP ,et al. Soil organic carbon and its component dynamics following the development years of the pumping-yellow river irrigation area in ning xia[J]. Research of soil and water conservation, 2015, 22(4):127-131.杨新国, 曲文杰, 宋乃平,等. 扬黄灌区开垦时间对土壤剖面有机碳含量和组分变化的影响[J]. 水土保持研究, 2015, 22(4):127-131.
[8] Gao X Z, Ma C B, Du S. Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommendations Technology[M]..Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2005: 1-7, 14-20. (in Chinese)高祥照, 马常宝, 杜森.测土配方施肥技术[M]. 北京:中国农业出版社, 2005: 1-7,14-20.
[9] Bao S D. Soil Agricultural-Chemical Analysis[M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000: 30-107. (in Chinese)鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2000: 30-107.
[10] Huang A, Yang L A, Ting D U, et al. Comprehensive Assessment of Soil Nutrients Based on PCA[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2014, 31(5):819-825.黄安, 杨联安, 杜挺,等. 基于主成分分析的土壤养分综合评价[J]. 干旱区研究, 2014, 31(5):819-825.
[11] Zhao H F, Zhou G L, Liu X X, et al. Comprehensive evaluation on tea garden soil fertility status of tea planting areas in Guizhou[J]. Soil Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2012(3):30-34.赵华富, 周国兰, 刘晓霞,等. 贵州茶区土壤养分状况综合评价[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2012(3):30-34.
[12] Aciego P J C, Brookes P C. Relationships between soil pH andmicrobial properties in a UK arable soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008, 40: 1856-1861.
[13] Peng N, Wang K F, Xie X L, et al. Effects of long-term integrated fertilization with organic manure and chemical fertilizers on basic physical and chemical properties in paddy soils[J]. Soil Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2009(2):6-10.彭娜, 王开峰, 谢小立,等. 长期有机无机肥配施对稻田土壤基本理化性状的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2009(2):6-10.
[14] Zi-Cheng X U, Wang L, Xiao H Q. pH distribution and relationship to soil nutrient in Hunan tobacco lands[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2008, 16(4):830-834.许自成, 王林, 肖汉乾. 湖南烟区土壤pH分布特点及其与土壤养分的关系[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2008, 16(4):830-834.
[15] Yan L, Wang Y, Feng G Z, et al. Status and Change Characteristics of Farmland Soil Fertility in Jilin Province[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(23):4800-4810.焉莉, 王寅, 冯国忠,等. 吉林省农田土壤肥力现状及变化特征[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(23):4800-4810.
[16] Zhao M S, Zhang G L, Wang D C, et al. Spatial variability of soil organic matter and its dominating factors in Xu-Huai alluvial plain[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2013, 50(1):1-11.赵明松, 张甘霖, 王德彩,等. 徐淮黄泛平原土壤有机质空间变异特征及主控因素分析[J]. 土壤学报, 2013, 50(1):1-11.
[17] Zhang S, Huang Y, Baoguo L I, et al. Temporal-spatial variability of soil available phosphorus and potassium in the alluvial region of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain[J]. Plant Nutrition Fertilizing Science, 2003, 9(1):3-8.张世熔, 黄元仿, 李保国,等. 黄淮海冲积平原区土壤速效磷、钾的时空变异特征[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2003, 9(1):3-8.
[18] Xu M, Liu G, Zhao Y. [Assessment indicators of soil quality in hilly Loess plateau].[J]. Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology / Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhong guo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban, 2005, 16(10):1843.许明祥, 刘国彬, 赵允格. 黄土丘陵区土壤质量评价指标研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(10):1843-1848.
[19] JIN GZ,Ma YL.Development and utilization of light sierozem in Ningxia(In Chinese) [J].Arid Zone Research,2000,17(3):59-63.金国柱, 马玉兰. 宁夏淡灰钙土的开发和利用[J]. 干旱区研究, 2000, 17(3):59-63.
[20] QU Xiaolin,LONG Huaiyu,XIE Ping,CAO Xianghui,WANG Jiajia Genetic Characteristics and Classification of Typical Sierozem in Central Ningxia,China[J]. acta pedologica sinica, 2018, 55(1):75-87.曲潇琳,龙怀玉,谢平,等.宁夏中部地区典型灰钙土的发育特性及系统分类研究[J].土壤学报,2018, 55(1):75-87.
[21] Xin-Peng X U, Zhao S C, Zhang Y G, et al. Spatial variations of soil nutrients in maize production areas of Jilin province[J]. Plant Nutrition Fertilizer Science, 2011, 17(6):1342-1350.徐新朋, 赵士诚, 张云贵,等. 吉林省玉米种植区土壤养分空间变异特征研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17(6):1342-1350.
[22] Chen L M, Jia-Long L U, Gui L G, et al. Studies on soil microbial biomass C,N,P and maize yield in newly cultivated light sierozem[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2006, 24(2):48-51.陈留美, 吕家珑, 桂林国,等. 新垦淡灰钙土微生物生物量碳、氮、磷及玉米产量的研究[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2006, 24(2):48-51.
[23] Wang N B. Effects of nitrogen forms and pH interation on root yield and sugar content in sugar beet [J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2012, 34(5):279-282.王南博, 李彩凤, 张翼飞,等. 氮素形态及pH值交互作用对甜菜产量和含糖率的影响[J]. 核农学报, 2012, 26(9):1333-1339.
[24][24] Liu SQ,Zhang SR.The relationship between soil pH and the content of calcium carbonate.Soil, 2002, 34(5):279-282.刘世全, 张世熔. 土壤pH与碳酸钙含量的关系[J]. 土壤, 2002, 34(5):279-282.
[25] Wang M, Zhang Q W, Yang Z L, et al. Soil pH Changes in the Paddy Field during the Drying and Rewetting Cycles in the Ningxia Irrigation Area of the Yellow River Basin[J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 28(4):720-726.王明, 张晴雯, 杨正礼,等. 宁夏引黄灌区干湿交替过程中土壤pH的动态变化及影响因素[J]. 核农学报, 2014, 28(4):720-726.
[26] Jiang YQ,Wang SR,Gui LG,High yield cultivation techniques of Maize in newly cultivated land in yhuanghuang irrigated area[J]. Crop magazine2003(1):33-34.蒋永前, 王世荣, 桂林国,等. 扬黄灌区新垦地玉米丰产栽培技术[J]. 作物杂志, 2003(1):33-34.
[27] Hu K L, Li H, Li B G. Spatial and temporal patterns of soil organic matter in the urban-rural transition zone of Beijing. Geoderma, 2007,141(3/4): 302-310.
[28] Lal R.Carbon sequestration in drylands .Annuls of Arid Zone ,2000 , 39(1):1 -10 .
[29] Shun-Jiang L I,Xia H U, Liu L Y. The Effect of Cultivation on Soil Aggregates and SOC in Degraded Sandy Grassland of Farming-Grazing Transition Zone[J]. Research of Soil Water Conservation, 2011, 18(4):150-152.李顺江, 胡霞, 刘连友. 开垦对退化沙质草地土壤机械组成及有机碳分布的影响[J]. 水土保持研究, 2011, 18(4):150-152.
[30] Jia K L, Zhang J H. Analysis on Land Use Change and Its Driving Forces in Arid Area of Central Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region[J]. Research of Soil Water Conservation, 2011, 18(6): 62-66.贾科利, 张俊华. 宁夏中部干旱带土地利用变化及驱动力分析[J]. 水土保持研究, 2011, 18(6): 62-66.
[31] Rosell R A, Galantini J A , Suňer L G .Long-term crop rotation effect on organic carbon, nitrogen , and phosphorus in Haplustoll soil f ractions .Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation , 2000 , 14:309-315 .
[32] SUYong-zhong, ZHAOHa-lin. Losses of Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen and Their Mechanisms in the Desertification Process of Sandy Farmlands in Horqin Sandy Land[J]. Agricultural Sciences in China, 2003, 2(8):890-897.苏永中, 赵哈林. 农田沙漠化过程中土壤有机碳和氮的衰减及其机理研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2003, 2(8):890-897.
[33] Zhang Y, Lu J, Wang Y, et al. Effects of Potassium Fertilizer Application Method on Yield And Potassium Apparent Efficiency of Direct-Sowing Rice and Transplanting Rice[J]. Crops, 2016. (1):110-114.张洋洋, 鲁剑巍, 王友珠,等. 钾肥施用方式对直播和移栽水稻产量和钾肥利用效率的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2016(1):110-114.
[34] Sun FG,He XK,Ma XL, et al.Effects of different nitrogen application rates on yield of single maize. Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2013, 19(7):106-107.孙发国, 贺学钊, 马晓丽,等. 不同氮肥施用量对单种玉米产量的影响试验研究[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2013, 19(7):106-107.
[35] Li S L S. SOME FACTORS AFFECTING UREA HYDROLYSISRATES IN SOILS[J]. Plant Natrition Fertilizenence, 1999, 5(2):156-162.李世清, 李生秀. 影响土壤尿素水解速率的一些因子[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 1999, 5(2):156-162.
[36] Li T L, Xie Y H, Hong J P, et al. Effects of phosphorus application rates on winter wheat yield and phosphorus use efficiency in drylands of South Shanxi Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2013, 21(6):658-665.李廷亮, 谢英荷, 洪坚平,等. 施磷水平对晋南旱地冬小麦产量及磷素利用的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2013, 21(6):658-665.
[37] Men M X, Xin-Wang L I, Hao X U. Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Crop Yields and Stability[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2008, 41(8):2339-2346.门明新, 李新旺, 许皞. 长期施肥对华北平原潮土作物产量及稳定性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2008(8):2339-2346.
[38] Xie J C, Zhou J M. Progress in study on soil potassium and application of potassium fertilizers in China. Soils[J].,1999, 31(5):244-254. (in Chinese)谢建昌, 周健民. 我国土壤钾素研究和钾肥使用的进展[J]. 土壤, 1999, 31(5):244-254.
{{custom_fnGroup.title_cn}}
脚注
{{custom_fn.content}}
PDF(1271 KB)
