为探讨花生高产高效的适宜追肥量。在大田条件下,以青花7号为材料,研究了花针期膜下滴灌追肥量对花生光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明：各追肥水平下花生叶片叶绿素SPAD值、蒸腾速率及气孔导度均显著高于不追肥处理,在各期均表现为随着追肥量的增加而增大,于T4达到最大值,但T4与T2、T3差异不显著。生物产量随着追肥量的增加呈现而显著增大。荚果产量、单株结果数、百果重、百仁重和出仁率均表现为随着追肥量的增加呈现先显著增加,于T2达到最大值,之后再随着追肥量增加反而呈下降趋势。说明追施氮硼钙肥能够显著提高花生叶片光合特性,但追肥量过大,叶片光合特性较高,地上部生长过于茂盛,反而影响花生荚果形成和生长,产量下降。适宜的追施量为公顷施纯氮60 kg/hm2、硼砂15 kg/hm2、氧化钙45 kg/hm2。
Abstract
To explore the optimum amounts of top dressing for high yield and high efficiency of peanut, under field condition, we took‘Qinghua 7’as material to study the effects of top dressing by drip irrigation under mulch on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of peanut at pod-pin stage. The results showed that: the values of chlorophyll SPAD, the transpiration rate and the stomatal conductance of peanut leaves under different fertilizer application levels were significantly higher than those under non-fertilizer application, increasing with the increase of top dressing amounts at each growth stage, and the effects reached the maximum at T4, but there was no significant difference between T4, T2 and T3; the biological yield increased significantly with the increase of top dressing amounts; the pod yield, fruit number per plant, 100-pod weight, 100-kernel weight, and kernel rate all increased significantly at first with the increase of top dressing amounts, reaching the maximum at T2, then decreased with the increase of top dressing amounts. The results showed that top dressing with nitrogen, boron and calcium fertilizer could significantly improve the photosynthetic characteristics of peanut leaves, but the excessive amount of top dressing could result in excessive photosynthetic characteristics of leaves and overgrowth of aerial parts, which affected the formation and growth of peanut pods, and caused a decline in yield. The suitable top dressing amount was 60 kg/hm2 nitrogen, 15 kg/hm2 borax, and 45 kg/hm2 calcium oxide.
关键词
花生;花针期;追肥量;光合特性;产量
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Key words
peanut; blossom-needling stage; top dressing amounts; photosynthetic characteristics; yield
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