[目的]为研究蝴蝶兰观赏性状遗传规律,优化杂交亲本,更加高效的培育高品质的蝴蝶兰新品种。[方法]以5份大红花蝴蝶兰为材料,设计了3组正反交杂交组合,并对杂种后代花底色、花径、花朵数、花梗高度、植株冠幅等主要观赏性状进行了观测分析。[结果]结果表明,3个组合正反交杂种后代,花底色、花朵数、花梗高度等性状杂种优势明显,在花色上出现了亲本没有的花斑变化,正反交分离表现明显不同,深紫红色大红花作为母本时,获得深色杂种后代的几率更高；3个杂交组合正反交杂种后代花径分离表现不尽相同,‘T’和‘R’组合正反交杂种后代花径则表现超亲优势,而‘133’和‘62’,‘J’和‘62’正反交则表现出一定程度的衰退现象,当母本花径较大时,杂种后代花径总体较大,但获得超亲花径的比例低；3个组合正反交植株冠幅均表现一定程度的衰退现象。[结论]该研究结果初步阐明大红花杂种后代主要观赏性状的分离表现,为蝴蝶兰育种亲本的选配和新品种选育提供理论依据。
Abstract
To study the hereditary law of ornamental characters of Phalaenopsis, and cultivate high-quality varieties, three pairs of reciprocal cross combinations are designed by using five red Phalaenopsis varieties as parents, and the main ornamental characters of hybrid offspring are observed and analyzed. The results showed that flower color, flower diameter, flower number, peduncle height and crown width presented obvious segregation in hybrid offspring. (1) The red color and flower diameter had gradient change, and the genetic regularity of these characters between orthogonal and reciprocal cross was different. When the female parent had deeper flower color and larger flower diameter, the probabilities of offspring with deep color and large flower diameters were higher. (2) The number of flowers in hybrid offspring showed a normal distribution, and the reciprocal cross offspring in the same combination showed significant differences. (3) The crowns of different combinations showed a certain degree of decline. The results preliminarily clarify the separation performance of major ornamental characters in red Phalaenopsis hybrids offspring, and provide references for parents selection and new varieties breeding.
关键词
蝴蝶兰;杂交后代;性状分离
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Key words
Phalaenopsis; F1generation; characters separation
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参考文献
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