旨在利用青海50个气象站1961—2015年的4—10月逐日降水、云量和日照资料,通过对日照时数与云量的关系研究,修订青海连阴雨监测的新的指标,并对阴雨日数的时空分布及强度变化进行分析。结果表明:(1)修订后青海连阴雨天气监测指标为:连续阴雨5天(期间日平均日照时数≤6 h)或以上,且过程总降水量≥10 mm,期间不能出现2个无雨日,即日降水量不得<0.1 mm;(2)青海阴雨日数自东向西呈递减趋势,青南地区阴雨日数最多,环青海湖地区次多,柴达木盆地地区最少;(3)1961—2015年青海年平均阴雨日数无明显的变化趋势,但在年代变化上经历了1961—1989年的常态时段、1990—2002年的减少时段以及2003—2015年的增多时段3个变化阶段;(4)青海阴雨日数主要出现在6、7、9月份,都达到了8天以上,其次为8月份, 4月份和10月份最少。本研究修订了青海连阴雨天气的监测指标,并依此开展连阴雨天气预报预警业务,为气象防灾减灾建设提供参考信息。
Abstract
Based on the daily precipitation, cloud cover and sunshine duration data from April to October during 1961-2015 derived from the 50 meteorological stations in Qinghai, the paper studied the relationship between cloud cover and sunshine duration, and revises the indicators for the continuous rain monitored, moreover, analyzed the spatial-temporal distribution and the intensity change of continuous rainy days. The results showed that: (1) the monitoring indicators of continuous rain in Qinghai after revising were: the continuous rain days should be equal to or more than 5 days (the daily averaged sunshine duration during this period should be equal to or less than 6 hours), the total precipitation of the process should be equal to or more than 10 mm, and 2 non-rainy days (the daily precipitation less than 0.1 mm) could not appear in this period;
(2) the continuous rain days decreased from east to west, and the maximum value could be found in south Qinghai, next in Qinghai Lake area, and the least was in Qaidam basin area; (3) the annual averaged continuous rain days had no significant change trend, but had obvious decadal period which was normal in 1961-1989, less in 1990-2002 and more thereafter; (4) the longest continuous rain days exceeded 8 days and appeared most frequently in June, July and September, and then in August, April and October had the fewest
continuous ran days.
关键词
监测指标;连阴雨;时空分布;日照时数;云量
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Key words
monitoring indicators; continuous rain; spatial and temporal distribution; cloud cover
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