自1985年以来,伴随着气候变暖以及水旱种植结构的调整,三江平原地区已由雨养农业型向雨养-灌溉兼具型转变,与此同时,其农业水土资源空间配置状况也发生了较大变化。基于传统的农业水土资源匹配系数内涵,从生产水足迹的研究视角,围绕其主要粮食作物生产,采用自下而上的方法,测算了三江平原地区四个时期(1985年、1990年、2000年、2010年)广义的农业水土资源匹配系数,进而开展县域尺度上三江平原地区的农业水土资源空间配置格局研究。结果表明：四个时期里,三江平原地区总体的农业水土资源匹配系数均高于东北地区均值(4341m3/hm2)但低于全国均值(6213m3/hm2)；在空间分布上,三江平原地区农业水土资源空间配置格局呈现出“南北优于东西,边缘优于腹地”的特点,其中,汤原县、桦川县、萝北县的农业水土资源配置比较合理且相对稳定,宝清县、七台河市辖区、勃利县的农业水土资源配置多处于较差等级,其它地区的农业水土资源配置状况波动较大。未来三江平原地区的农业种植结构调整策略,既要考虑市场需求,也应因水而异、因地制宜,节水优先、空间均衡,科学规划、精准施策。
Abstract
Since 1985, along with climate change and planting structure adjustment, spatial matching patterns of agricultural land and water resources in Sanjiang Plain has changed from rain breeding agriculture to rain breeding-irrigation agriculture. At the same time, spatial matching patterns of agricultural land and water resources changed too. Based on the traditional connotation of agricultural land and water resources matching coefficient (ALWMC), the authors adopted a bottom- up approach, calculated the matching factors of agricultural land and water resources in Sanjiang Plain in 4 periods (1985, 1990, 2000 and 2010) by water footprint perspective of main food crops, and further studied the spatial pattern of agricultural water and soil resources in this area. The results showed that the ALWMC of each studied year in Sanjiang Plain was all
higher than the mean coefficient in northeast China (4341 m3/hm2) but lower than that of the national average (6213 m3/hm2); the spatial matching pattern of agricultural land and water resources in the Sanjiang Plain area showed“the north and south superior to east and west, and the marginal land superior to the back-land”, and the spatial matching pattern of agricultural land and water resources in Tangyuan, Huachuan and Luobei were better and stable，but that in Baoqing, Boli and Qitaihe District were worse and that of other areas were fluctuated. Therefore, the development in Sanjiang Plain should consider both market requirement and land and water resources, giving priority to water-saving, keeping spatial equilibrium, and planning scientifically with targeted policy application.
关键词
水足迹;农业水土资源匹配系数;空间配置;三江平原
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Key words
water footprint; agricultural land and water resources matching coefficient; spatial matching pattern; Sanjiang Plain
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