为探明4种药用植物种子萌发特性和解除休眠的最佳贮藏条件,4种药食两用植物包括野甘草(Scoparia dulcis)、车前(Plantago asiatica)、土人参(Talinum paniculatum)和鳢肠(Eclipta prostrata)种子进行30天的室温干燥贮藏、15℃暖层积、4℃低温层积和0℃冰冻贮藏,测定其萌发率和萌发速度。结果显示,4种植物种子扩散时活性极高(＞96%),土人参和鳢肠种子扩散时的萌发率分别为94%和98%,野甘草和车前种子扩散时萌发率不足30%。野甘草种子经过室温干燥贮藏(25℃：70.67%；25/15℃:26%)和15℃暖层积(25℃：82%；25/15℃:31.33%)其萌发率显著高于贮藏前(24-26%)、4℃低温层积(0.67-12%)和0℃冰冻贮藏(0-8%)的种子。经过4℃层积的车前种子萌发率(34%)显著大于贮藏前(29%)、室温干燥贮藏(16.7-18.7%)、15℃暖层积(11.3-13.3%)和0℃冰冻贮藏(0-0.6%)的种子。野甘草和车前种子在成熟时有较低萌发率,具有一定程度休眠；土人参和鳢肠为非休眠种子；室温干燥储藏和15℃暖温层积有效破除野甘草部分种子休眠、4℃低温层积可破除车前部分种子休眠,提高萌发率、加快萌发速度。
Abstract
To better understand the seed germination characteristics and the method of breaking-dormancy and provide some basic information for cultivation, germination characteristics of Scoparia dulcis, Plantago asiatica, Talinum paniculatum and Eclipta prostrata from eastern Guangdong were examined after being dry stored at room temperature, wet stored at 15℃, 4℃ and 0℃ for 30 d. The results showed that the viable ability of fresh seeds of the four species were more than 96%, the germination rate of T. paniculatum and E. prostrata seeds was 94% and 98%, respectively, whereas that of S. dulcis and P. asiatica was less than 30%. Seeds of S. dulcis after being dry stored at room temperature (25℃, 70.67%; 25/15℃, 26%) and wet stored at 15℃ (25℃, 82%; 25℃/15℃, 31.33%) had a higher germination rate than fresh seeds (24%-26%), wet stored at 4℃ (0.67%- 12% ) and 0℃ (0%- 8% ). Seeds of P. asiatica after being wet stored at 4℃ (34% ) had a higher germination rate than fresh seeds (29%), dry stored at room temperature(16.7%-18.7%), wet stored at 15℃ (11.3%- 13.3% ) and frozen 0℃ (0%- 0.6% ). Seeds of S. dulcis and P. asiatica with a certain degree of dormancy have low germination rate, whereas seeds of T. paniculatum and E.prostrata are non-dormant. Dry storage at room temperature and warm stratification at 15℃ for S. dulcis, and cold stratification (4℃) for P. asiatica can be an efficient method to break dormancy and promote germination.
关键词
药食两用植物;萌发率;贮藏条件;破除休眠
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Key words
food and medicinal plant; germination percentage; storage condition; breaking-dormancy
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