土壤水分含量及其变化规律的监测是农业气象生态环境及水文环境监测的基础性工作,掌握土壤水分变化规律,对农业灌溉、土壤墒情与农业干旱的监测预测及进行相关理论研究具有重要意义。为研究黑龙江省明水县自动站资料的适用性,利用2013年2月28日至2014年11月8日期间明水自动土壤水分站与人工观测资料,分析了自动站与人工观测土壤水分相对湿度的差值、差值概率以及不同方法观测所得数值的相关系数,并通过对比自动站与人工观测数据制作了订正方程用以消除部分差异。2013年2月28日至2014年11月8日期间,明水县人工与自动站观测数据的相关性在各层均表现为显著,自动站观测的土壤相对湿度值高于人工观测值,0-10cm土壤浅层和30-40cm深层的差值较小,20-30cm和40-50cm土壤层次差值较大,通过自动站与人工观测数据对比所制作的订正方程可以消除部分差异。结果表明：人工观测的数据与自动站取得的数据随时间的变化趋势基本一致,自动站观测的资料基本能代替人工观测的资料。

The paper aims to study the applicability of automatic station data in Mingshui Heilongjiang. The author compared soil moisture content under manual observation and automatic observation in Mingshui from February 28, 2013 to November 8, 2014, and analyzed the differences, difference probabilities and the correlation coefficient of soil moisture obtained by automatic observation station and manual observation, then built a correction equation by comparing the data to eliminate some differences. The results showed that: the correlation between the data of manual and automatic observation in Mingshui was significant in all layers from February 28, 2013 to November 8, 2014, and the relative humidity of soil observed by automatic station was higher than that by manual observation, the difference between shallow soil 0-10 cm and deep soil 30-40 cm was relatively small, the difference between soil layer 20-30 cm and soil layer 40-50 cm was more obvious. Finally, a revised equation was built which eliminated some differences between the data obtained by automatic observation and manual observation. The variation trends of data by manual observation and automatic observation were consistent, the moisture data observed by automatic observation station could replace those of manual observation.