为认识区域荒漠生态系统干旱致灾过程和干旱对冰草、刺蓬生长的影响及解除机制，笔者设计干旱胁迫、补充灌水和自然生长3种处理，比较了2种荒漠草本植物的外部形态、产量和土壤水分指标的变化。结果表明：干旱胁迫使黄枯期提前，补水推迟黄枯期，并且干旱胁迫推迟刺蓬进入开花期，缩短生殖生长期。受干旱胁迫影响，荒漠刺蓬和冰草的生长高度、干物质、覆盖度和土壤水分贮存量均减小，且随生育进程影响逐渐增大。受干旱胁迫影响，返青73天是刺蓬生长高度的起始拐点，返青88天是冰草生长高度的起始拐点。返青106~121天是干旱胁迫对刺蓬干物质积累影响关键期，对冰草干物质积累影响关键期在返青181~197天。干旱胁迫对土壤水分贮存量的影响，刺蓬开花期开始显著，冰草展叶盛期后差异明显，且随深度增加，土壤水分贮存量减小幅度增大。
Abstract
The paper aims to know the process of drought disaster in desert ecosystem and the effect of drought on the growth of Agropyron cristatum and Cornulaca alaschanica and the release mechanism. The authors designed 3 kinds of treatments, which were drought stress, supplement irrigation and natural growth, andcompared the changes of external morphology, yield and soil moisture index of the 2 herbaceous plants. Theresults showed that: the drought stress led to yellow withered stage in advance and the supplement irrigation made yellow withered stage delay; the drought stress delayed the flowering stage and shortened the reproductive period of Cornulaca alaschanica. Affected by drought stress, the growth height, dry matter, cover and soil water storage capacity of Agropyron cristatum and Cornulaca alaschanica decreased, and the effects of drought stress on the growth process gradually increased; 73 days and 88 days of turning green were start turning point of height growth of Cornulaca alaschanica and Agropyron cristatum, respectively. Affected by drought stress, 106- 121 days and 181- 197 days of turning green were the critical period of dry matter accumulation of Cornulaca alaschanica and Agropyron cristatum, respectively. Drought stress effect on soil water storage capacity was showed significantly from the flowering period of Cornulaca alaschanica, and had significant differences from the end of leaf expansion period of Agropyron cristatum, and with depth increasing,
the decrease range of soil moisture storage capacity increased.
关键词
冰草;刺蓬;干旱胁迫;生长
{{custom_keyword}} /
Key words
Agropyron cristatum; Cornulaca alaschanica; drought stress; growth
{{custom_keyword}} /
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 秦大河,王馥棠,赵宗慈等.气候变化对农业生态的影响[M].北京：气象出版社,2003:1-323.
[2] 张强,王润元,邓振镛等.中国西北干旱气候变化对农业与生态影响及对策[M].北京：气象出版社,2012：100-297.
[3] 王润元,肖国举,王鹏祥,等.中国西北地区农作物对气候变化的响应[M]. 北京：气象出版社,2008：97-274.
[4] 邓振镛,王强,张强,等.中国北方气候暖干化对粮食作物的影响及应对措施[J].生态学报,2010,30(22)： 6278－6288.
[5] 尹晗,李耀辉. 我国西南干旱研究最新进展综述[J].干旱气象,2013,1：183-193.
[6] Soltania A,Khooie F R,Ghassemi-Golezan i K,Moghaddam M.Thresholds for chickpea leaf expansion and transpiration response to soil water deficit.Field Crops Research,2000,68：205-210．
[7] 杨俊,马健,王婷婷,等.5种荒漠植物抗旱性及其与抗旱指标相关性的定量评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(6):143-146.
[8] 李 耕,高辉远,赵 斌,等.灌浆期干旱胁迫对玉米叶片光系统活性的影响[J].作物学报,2009, 35(10): 1916-1922
[9] 张家团, 屈艳萍.近 30 年来中国干旱灾害演变规律及抗旱减灾对策探讨[J].中国防汛抗旱,2008,(5):47-52
[10] 严菊芳,张嵩午,刘党校,等.干旱胁迫下不同温型小麦农田微气象特征研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(10):49-54
[11] 宁慧芳,林婧婧,陈佩璇. 甘肃省气候暖干化与农业干旱灾害的联系[J].干旱气象,2010,28(2)：198-201.
[12] 蒋 霞,倪 健.西北干旱区10 种荒漠植物地理分布与大气候的关系及其可能潜在分布区的估测[J].植物生态学报,2005,29(1):98-107．
[13] 任丽雯,马兴祥．石羊河流域水分胁迫对玉米生长发育指标和产量的影响[J]．干旱气象,2014,32(5):760-764.
[14] 陈家宙,王石,张丽丽,等.玉米对持续干旱的反应及红壤干旱阈值[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(3)：532-539.
[15] 赵丽英,邓西平,山仑.持续干旱及复水对玉米幼苗生理生化指标的影响研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2004,12(3):59-61.
[16] 李 博,王刚卫,田晓莉,等.不同干旱方式和干旱程度对玉米苗期根系生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(5):148-15.
[17] 常兆丰,段小峰,韩福贵等.民勤荒漠区主要植物群落的稳定性及生态效应[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(12)：2526-2568.
[18] 闫建成,梁存柱,付晓玥等.草原与荒漠一年生植物性状对降水变化的响应[J].草业学报,2013,22(1)：68-76.
[19] 彭永玲,赵小强,任旭伟,等.干旱胁迫对不同株型玉米大喇叭口期生长的影响[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(4)：1064-1070.
[20] 王荣荣,夏江宝,杨吉华,等.贝壳砂生境干旱胁迫下杠柳叶片光合光响应模型比较[J].植物生态学报,2013,37(2)：111-121.
[21] 李清明,刘彬彬,邹志荣. CO2浓度倍增对干旱胁迫下黄瓜幼苗光合特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(5):963-971.
[22] 郭瑞霞,管晓丹,张艳婷．我国荒漠化主要研究进展[J].干旱气象,2015,33(3)：505-514.
[23] 中国气象局.农业气象观测规范(上卷)[M].北京:气象出版社,1993:7-153.SSSSS
{{custom_fnGroup.title_cn}}
脚注
{{custom_fn.content}}
