为研究球毛壳菌(Chaetomium globosum)ND35菌肥对黄瓜生长、产量和品质及氮磷钾吸收的影响,促进毛壳菌肥的科学应用,以‘津春4号’黄瓜为试材,采用随机区组法进行了温室和大田菌肥用量筛选及菌肥与海藻肥复混施用栽培试验。试验结果表明:适宜黄瓜生长的球毛壳菌ND35菌肥用量为0.1~0.5 g/株(孢子含量为3×108 cfu/g),过量使用不利于黄瓜生长;适量施用ND35菌肥对黄瓜的根系活力、株高、茎粗、叶面积、干重、壮苗指数均有促进作用。ND35菌肥和ND35菌肥与海藻肥复混处理的黄瓜光合作用效率和水分利用率明显提高,总产量分别比对照增产21.85%和23.90%;菌肥与海藻肥复混处理对改善黄瓜品质效果明显,其中ND35菌肥与海藻肥复混处理黄瓜的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和维生素C含量分别比对照增加7.90%、172.97%和310.21%,其硝酸盐含量比对照降低15.57%。菌肥与海藻肥复混处理能促进黄瓜对土壤中N、P、K的吸收利用,特别是对速效钾吸收效果明显。单独施用菌肥处理的植株中N、P、K含量高于其他处理,与海藻肥复混却降低植株中磷和钾的含量。试验结果可为球毛壳菌ND35菌肥在黄瓜优质高产栽培生产中应用提供理论依据。
Abstract
[Objective]In order to investigate effect of Chaetomium globosum ND35 fungal fertilizer on growth, production, quality of cucumber and absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, kalium and promote the scientific application of Chaetomium fungal fertilizer, the cucumber ‘Jinchun No.4’ was used as test material. [Method]The experiments of screening application quantity of fungal fertilizer and mixing fungal fertilizer with seaweed fertilizer in cucumber culture were conducted by randomized block arrangement in greenhouse and in the field. [Result]The results showed that the suitable growth quantity of C. globosum ND35 fungal fertilizer was 0.1-0.3 g/plant (3×108 cfu/g). The high amount was detrimental to cucumber growth. The root activity, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, dry weight, index of seedling quality of cucumber were promoted by using suitable amount of ND35 fungal fertilizer. The photosynthesis efficacy and water use efficiency of cucumber was significantly increased in treatment with ND35 fungal fertilizer and mixed fungal fertilizer with seaweed fertilizer. Total yield of cucumber was increased by 21.85% and 23.90% in application of ND35 fungal fertilizer and mixed treatment. The quality of cucumber was obviously improved by mixed fungal fertilizer with seaweed fertilizer. Compared with control treatment, the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein, vitamin C of cucumber was increased by 7.90%, 172.97% and 301.21% in treatment mixed fungal fertilizer with seaweed fertilizer. The nitrate content decreased 15.57% than that of control. The treatments mixed fungal fertilizer with seaweed fertilizer could promote the absorption of N, P, K in the soil. Specially, absorption of available potassium in the soil was more obvious in the mixed treatment. The N, P, K content of cucumber plant treated with single fungal fertilizer was higher than that of other treatments. Content of P and K in cucumber plant was decreased in treatment mixed fungal fertilizer with seaweed fertilizer. [Conclusion]The experiment result could provide theory evidence for application of Chaetomium fungal fertilizer in good quality and high production of cucumber.
关键词
球毛壳菌ND35菌肥;海藻肥;黄瓜;生长指标;产量;品质
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Key words
Chaetomium globosum ND35 fungal fertilizer; seaweed fertilizer; cucumber; growth index; production;quality
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