夏季积层混合云降水的宏微观特征及人工增雨可播性研究

孙鸿娉,李培仁,申东东,李义宇,封秋娟

中国农学通报. 2017, 33(3): 126-134

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中国农学通报 ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3) : 126-134. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030185
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夏季积层混合云降水的宏微观特征及人工增雨可播性研究

  • 孙鸿娉,李培仁,申东东,李义宇,封秋娟
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Evolution of Microphysical Characteristic Parameters of Stratiform Mixed Clouds in Summer and Artificial Precipitation Enhancement

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摘要

为了使FY-2C/D 卫星资料反演云系微物理特征参数更好地应用于人工影响天气作业中,利用2010 年8 月17—19 日山西夏季积层混合云降水过程的雷达、卫星、机载云物理探测平台的综合探测资料,对云系演变特征、人工增雨的可播性以及催化效果进行分析。结果表明:云系维持时间达35 h,17日白天到夜间云层不断增厚,云粒子有效半径(Re)稳定变化较小,降水少,云系的自然降水过程较弱,具有较好的增雨作业潜力。8 月17 日白天云顶温度-10℃,云滴有效半径小于12 μm,云系密实,云中过冷水含量丰沛,大粒子与冰晶含量较少;夜晚在高云的播种效应之下,产生较大降水;持续稳定的中低层状云系存在较好的增雨作业机会。综合分析可知,适宜于这次夏季积层混合云降水人工催化条件的卫星判据为:云系厚度大于2 km,云顶温度-10~-20℃,云顶云粒子有效半径小于15 μm。

Abstract

The paper aims to make better use of microphysical characteristic parameters inversed by FY-2C/D satellite data in weather modification operation, the characteristics of cloud system evolution, artificial precipitation enhancement and cloud seeding effect were analyzed by using the data of radar, satellite, airborne cloud physical detection platform at mixed convective stratiform cloud precipitation process in August 17-19, 2010, in Shanxi. The results showed that: the cloud maintain time was 35 hours, the clouds continued thickening, the cloud particle effective radius (Re) was stable and had little change, the precipitation was less, the natural precipitation of cloud system was weaker, with good potential for precipitation enhancement during the day and into the night of August 17. In the daytime, the cloud top temperature was -10℃, the cloud droplet effective radius was less than 12 μm, the clouds were dense, the cloud water content was abundant, and the large particles and ice content were fewer. In night, under the high cloud seeding effect, there was heavy precipitation; sustained and stable low stratiform clouds were better for precipitation enhancement operation. Comprehensive analysis showed that the satellite criterion which was suitable for artificial precipitation enhancement of laminated hybrid cloud precipitation in summer was: cloud thickness greater than 2 km, cloud top temperature of -10- -20℃, and genting cloud effective particle radius less than 15 μm.

关键词

卫星反演;层状云;人工增雨条件;过冷云;卫星判据

Key words

satellite retrieval; stratiform cloud; conditions for precipitation enhancement; supercooled cloud; satellite criterion

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孙鸿娉,李培仁,申东东,李义宇,封秋娟. 夏季积层混合云降水的宏微观特征及人工增雨可播性研究. 中国农学通报. 2017, 33(3): 126-134 https://doi.org/10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030185
Evolution of Microphysical Characteristic Parameters of Stratiform Mixed Clouds in Summer and Artificial Precipitation Enhancement. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin. 2017, 33(3): 126-134 https://doi.org/10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030185

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[19]赵风生,丁强,孙同明.利用NOAA-AVHRR观测数据反演云辐射特性的一种迭代方法.气象学报,2002,60(5):594—601.Microphysical Characteristic Parameters Product Retrieved by FY-2C/D SatelliteAnd Its Application in Weather Modification AnalysisSun hong-ping1 Li pei-ren1Feng Qiujuan1Shen dongdong1LiYiyu1LiWang Gongwa1(1 Weather Modification Office of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030002)Abstract: Because of the advantages of cloud detection with satellite,the cloud structure and precipitation formation process can be analyzed from different configurations of cloud thickness,particle size and cloud top properties by satellite data,and consequently the potential of rainfall enhancement can be investigated based on the assumptions of rainfall enhancement and the available research achievements. A new applicable tool will be provided for satellite detection of the conditions of precipitation enhancement. A precipitation process of stratiform clouds from 17to 19 August,2011 was selected to analyze rainfall enhancement with satellite data. The retrieval microphysical characteristics of the clouds are as follows: ( 1)The cloud top temperature was about - 10 ℃,the effective radius ( Re) of cloud top was around 10 μm,the cloudbody was thick,and the clouds were rich in supercooled water but lack of ice crystals or large drops at daytime of 17 August; ( 2) Rainfall occurred under the participation of high clouds; ( 3) There was a good opportunity for rainfall enhancement because of the existence of sustained and stable low-level stratiform clouds. Cloud tracking with FY2C geostationary satellite revealed that the cloud system lasted for 35 hours,in which clouds grew thick gradually with stable Re and less rainfall from the daytime to the night of 17 August. Although precipitation process of such clouds was weak,there was a good potential for precipitation enhancement operation. After the comprehendsive analysis,the suitable criteria for detecting rainfall enhancement of supercooledstratiform clouds with satellite can be summarized as: the thickness of clouds is about 2 km,and cloud top temperature ranges from - 10 ℃ to- 20 ℃ with Re less than 15 μm.Keywords: satellite retrieval; stratiform cloud; conditions for precipitation enhancement; supercooled cloud; satellite criterion; Shanxi Province
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