为探索直播春棉田害虫与其天敌之间的相互作用和竞争共存机制,采用直接观察法,系统研究了棉田主要害虫和天敌种群的时间动态变化,及其生态位宽度和生态位重叠值。研究结果表明,在直播春棉的不同生育期,棉田害虫和天敌的优势种不同。主要害虫和天敌的发生高峰期多集中在6—7月,而棉蚜高峰期在5月下旬,棉叶蝉高峰期在9月下旬。不同种群的时间生态位不同,害虫中棉盲蝽的生态位宽度最大,其次是棉铃虫,棉叶蝉和棉叶螨的生态位宽度较小;天敌中蜘蛛类天敌的生态位宽度最大,其次是小花蝽,黑襟毛瓢虫的生态位宽度最小。而黑襟毛瓢虫和瓢虫类天敌与棉蚜、棉叶螨生态位重叠度较大。因此,皖西南棉区直播春棉田可利用瓢虫类天敌抑制棉蚜和棉叶螨的危害,保护并利用好蜘蛛类天敌,需重点防治棉盲蝽和棉铃虫。
Abstract
In order to explore the interaction and competitive coexistence mechanism between pest and natural enemy populations, the dynamic temporal pattern, niche breadth and overlap of pest and natural enemy populations in cotton field were systematically investigated by direct observation. The results showed that dominant species of pest and natural enemy were different in different growth duration of spring cotton. The peak period mostly occurred in June and July. The peak periods of Aphis gossypii Glover and Empoasca biguttula were in late May and late September, respectively. Different populations had distinct temporal niches. For pests, niche breadth of cotton mirids was the largest, followed by Helicoverpa armigera, and Empoasca biguttula and Tetranychus cinnatarinus had relatively smaller niche breadth. For natural enemies, niche breadth of arachnid in cotton field was the largest, followed by Orius minutes, and Scymnus hoffmannihad relatively smaller niche breadth. While Scymnus hoffmanni and other coccinellid species had large niche overlap with Aphis gossypii Glover andTetranychus cinnatarinus. Thus, it was deduced that coccinellid species could be applied to control Aphis gossypii Glover and Tetranychus cinnatarinus, and natural enemies such as spiders should be protected and exploited. Helicoverpa armigera and cotton mirids should be the key species to be controlled in direct-seeding spring cotton fields in southwest Anhui Province.
关键词
直播春棉田;种群时间动态;生态位宽度;生态位重叠值
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Key words
spring cotton direct-seeding field; dynamic temporal pattern of population; niche breadth; niche overlap
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