为了探明枣麦间作系统中冬小麦灌浆期的冠层光合有效辐射及冬小麦产量的时空分布特征，以‘灰枣’与‘新冬20号’冬小麦间作的系统为研究对象，采用双因素裂区试验设计，研究了在4 种株行距模式下间作的冬小麦灌浆期时的冠层光特性及其产量的时空分布特征。结果显示，随着距枣树的距离增加，冬小麦灌浆期的冠层光合有效辐射及其产量不断增加，且西侧增加幅度大于东侧，整体呈现出“中间高，两侧低”、“西侧高，东侧低”的趋势；单位面积内，不同株行距的间作系统中冬小麦的有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重及产量差异显著；相对于单作，3 m×4 m的间作系统中遮阴率及减产率最低。研究发现，株行距是影响冬小麦冠层光合有效辐射截获量的主要因素，光合有效辐射截获量直接决定了冬小麦单位面积上的有效穗数、穗粒数及千粒重，进而决定了冬小麦的产量。实际生产中，可采用3 m×4 m的模式间作生产，并适当增加东部枣树株距，即可有效改善间作系统内光照条件，提高冬小麦的产量。
Abstract
In order to observe the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of winter wheat canopy photosynthetic active radiation during filling period and the yield of winter wheat of jujube- wheat intercropping system, by taking Zizyphus Jujuba cv. Huizao and winter wheat‘Xindong 20’as the research objects, a split plot field experiment of two factors was designed with four types of planting spacing model in jujube-wheat intercropping system. The results showed that with the distance increase of jujube plants, the winter wheat canopy photosynthetic active radiation during filling period and the wheat yield increased constantly. At the same time, the increase range of the west side was greater than that of the east side, overall presented a trend of“middle high, both sides low”and“west side high, east side low”. The effective panicle number, grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight and yield of winter wheat per unit area showed significant differences. Compared with the monoculture, the fraction of shading and yield reduction rate of 3 m×4 m intercropping system were the lowest. Research showed that planting spacing was the main factor in the interception amount of winter wheat canopy photosynthetic active radiation. The interception amount of photosynthetic active radiation determined the effective panicle number, grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight of winter wheat per unit area, thereby determined the yield of winter wheat. In actual production, taking 3 m×4 m intercropping production model and increase the spacing of jujube trees in the eastern part appropriately could improve the lighting condition within the intercropping system and increase the yield of winter wheat effectively.
关键词
枣麦间作;冬小麦;光合有效辐射;遮阴率;产量
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Key words
Jujube-wheat intercropping; Winter wheat; Photosynthetically active radiation; Fraction of shading; Yield
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