：为了明确云南蔗区甘蔗宿根矮化病(Ratoon stunting disease, RSD)的发生危害情况，为推广应用甘蔗温水脱毒健康种苗和有效防控甘蔗宿根矮化病提供科学依据。于2012—2014年，对云南省18个蔗区的甘蔗宿根矮化病发生危害情况进行了全面系统调查，并采用PCR技术对田间采集的1091 个蔗茎样品进行RSD检测。结果表明，825 个样品为阳性，阳性检出率75.6%；18 个蔗区都检测出RSD，阳性检出率56.4%~88%；28 个主栽品种均感染RSD，阳性检出率51.2%~100%，其中‘粤糖82-882’、‘粤糖93-159’、‘粤糖00-236’、‘粤糖60’、‘桂糖11’、‘桂糖17’、‘桂糖94-119’、‘赣蔗18’、‘云引58’、‘德蔗93-94’等10 个品种感病严重，RSD检出率在90%以上；不论是新植、宿根，还是水田、旱地甘蔗均感染RSD；可见RSD已在云南各蔗区普遍发生且危害严重，是导致甘蔗减产、宿根年限缩短及严重威胁云南蔗糖产业稳定可持续发展的一种重要病害。
Abstract
The paper aims to ascertain the occurrence and damage of sugarcane ratoon stunting disease (RSD) in Yunnan, and provide the guidance for the application and extension of healthy, bacteria-free seedlings treated with hot water and control this disease scientifically and effectively. In 2012-2014, the occurrence and damage of RSD were investigated in the 18 cane-growing regions of Yunnan, and 1091 samples were collected for RSD detection by using a PCR technique. The results showed that 825 samples (75.6% out of 1091) were positive for the presence of RSD. In Yunnan, RSD was detected in all 18 cane-growing areas at the rates of 56.4%-88% and the infection rates of the 28 main cultivars were 51.2%-100%. Ten main cultivars including Yuetang 93-159, Yuetang 00-236, Guitang 11 and Ganzhe 18 were infected seriously, their RSD incidence rates were more than 90%. Moreover, the plant crop and ratoons from both irrigated and rainfed fields were infected with RSD. Thus, RSD had become a major disease that seriously restricts the development of the canesugar industry in Yunnan due to cane yield loss and a shortened ratoon period.
关键词
云南；甘蔗宿根矮化病；发生危害；病原检测
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Key words
Yunnan; sugarcane ratoon stunting disease; occurrence and damage; pathogen detection
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