对北京市昌平区流村镇沙果、冷海棠、暖海棠等三种近濒危乡土果树的种质状况、果实品质、濒危现状、栽培方式与管护水平等方面进行了全面调查与测定,为促进对这三种近濒危乡土果树资源的保护与合理开发提供参考。调查测定结果表明,不同单株沙果果品的可溶性固形物、单果重、果肉肉质差异较大,可溶性固形物变幅为1O.81%～15.13%,单果重变幅为22.3g～40.27g,果皮分为中厚稍脆和中厚稍韧两种,肉质细,多汁；暖海棠、冷海棠果实的各项实测指标则差异不大,果品品质较一致。其中,暖海棠可溶性固形物变幅为17.00%～18.21%,单果重变幅为8.25g～10.66g,果肉细脆紧实；冷海棠可溶性固形物变幅为14.23%～16.55%,单果重变幅为6.47g～9.03g,果肉细脆。根据以上情况,可初步推测,沙果各单株间可能存在较大变异,极有可能从中筛选出优良的品系。三种小苹果果实糖酸比均处于口感的适度范围,是开发鲜食品种良好的育种材料。针对目前的现状,从古树认定、加强管理、开发文化内涵、加强科学研究等方面提出了该镇小苹果古树保护与发展的建议。
Abstract
Based on the investigation of growth condition, fruit quality, endangered degree, and cultivation methods as well as management status of three kinds of crab-apple grown in natural conditions in Liucun town in Changping district were investigated in the present work. Results showed that great differences existed in the content of soluble sugar and fruit weigh which changed with rate of 10.81%～15.13%,22.3g～40.27g, and performed with mid-thick skin and slightly crisp or flexible flesh in Malus asiatica. The fruits index of other two crabapple species had no differences in fruit quality. The content of soluble sugar and fruit weigh of Malus Micaromalus which changed with rate of 17.00%～18.21%,8.25g～10.66g, and flesh firmness performed with thin brittle compaction, And the data were 14.23%～16.55% and 6.47～9.03g in fruit of Malus prunifolia with thin crisp flesh. Analysis of fruit quality indicated that there may be considerable Variation in the individual trees, very likely screening excellent strains from Malus asiatica. The ratio of sugar to acid was in the moderate range of taste, which means all of them were good breeding material to develop fresh varieties. Suggestions on ancient tree qualification, strengthening management, cultural connotations development, scientific research for protection and development about ancient crabapple trees were given based on the investigation.
关键词
地产树种;小苹果;近濒危;资源调查; 昌平区流村镇
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Key words
Native species; crabapple; Endangered; Resource Survey; LiucunTown in Changping district
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