云南是中国长江以南重要葡萄产地，以红壤为主的葡萄园土壤出现酸、粘等退化现象，导致葡萄产量和品质下降，因此改良退化的葡萄园土壤就成为发展葡萄及葡萄酒生产的关键。笔者以生物炭为土壤改良材料，设计了常规施肥、生物炭+常规施肥、高肥+生物炭3个处理的田间试验。研究结果表明：（1）施用生物炭能显著提高土壤中有机质、速效磷、速效钾的含量。（2）施用生物炭显著提高微生物和解磷菌、解钾菌的数量。（3）施用生物炭同时可提高土壤中过氧化氢酶和磷酸酶的活性。因此，秸秆生物炭能显著提高土壤中速效养分的含量，改善亚热带葡萄园土壤的理化性质。
Abstract
Yunnan is located in important grape producing area on the south of the ChangJiang river in China, gived priority to with red soil vineyard in acid soil degeneration, glue, lead to the yield and quality of grapes decline. So improved degradation of vineyard soil becomes the key to developing the grape and wine production. This author for biochar soil improvement material, designed the conventional fertilization, biochar and conventional, high fertilizer and biochar three processing of field trial. The results showed as follow: (1)Application of biochar could significantly increase the soil organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium content. (2)Application of biochar could significantly increase the number of microbes and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, releasing bacteria. (3) Application of biochar meanwhile increased the activity of soil catalase and phosphatase. Therefore, Straw biochar could significantly increase the content of available nutrients in the soil, improved soil physical and chemical properties of subtropical vineyard.
关键词
葡萄园；生物炭；土壤肥力；微生物；酶活性
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Key words
vineyards; biochar; soil fertility; microbes; enzyme activity
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