小麦收获指数是指籽粒产量占地上部生物产量的百分率。研究小麦品种主要农艺性状和经济性状间与其产量的相互关系，采用相关性分析与回归方法，对影响收获指数的10个主要农艺性状及因素进行了研究分析。结果表明：供试小麦HI具有较大的改良空间；HI与穗颈长、株高、穗长、小穗数、主茎生物产量有显著负相关，与单穗质量、产量呈正相关，与生物产量没有显著相关性；主成分分析结果显示，3个主成分累积贡献率达 87.427%，表明 3 个主成分已覆盖所有性状的主要信息；通过回归分析，小麦HI与单穗籽粒产量、生物产量、千粒质量有显著回归关系。结论: 通过对10份小麦材料农艺性状的统计分析，得出如下结论。HI受单穗质量、生物产量、千粒重影响较为明显有显著回归关系，与单穗质量、产量和穗粒数有明显正效应，生物产量对其有负效应。小麦HI提高可通过选育生物产量不宜过大，而穗粒数较高、单穗重较大的小麦品种。
Abstract
Wheat harvest index(HI), the ratio of grain weight to total plant weight, is an important trait associated with the dramatic increases in wheat yields, so this experiment aimed to study the relationship between the agronomic traits, economic traits and yield of ten wheat varieties, used regression analysis and correlation method. Results showed that the test HI of ten wheat varieties had lager space to improve, the HI was significantly negatively correlated with peduncle length, plant height, spike length, spikelet number and stem biomass. HI was positively correlation with grain mass per panicle and yield. HI was not positively correlation with biomass yield. The principle component analysis showed that three principal component had covered main traits which contribution rate was 87.42%; The HI of ten wheat varieties with yield per plant, biomass yield and 1000-grain weight was linear through regression. Conclusion: The statistical analyses got relative information of agronomic traits for ten wheat varieties, grain mass per panicle, yield and grain number of spike were all positive effects for HI, peduncle length, plant height, spike length, spikelet number and stem biomass were all negative effects for HI. The relationship between HI of ten wheat varieties with yield per plant, biomass yield and 1000-grain weight was linear. This indicated that，for breeding the wheat varieties with high HI, grain number of spike and grain mass per panicle should increased and biomass yield should not too be high.
关键词
小麦收获指数;农艺性状;相关分析;单穗籽粒产量
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Key words
wheat harvest index;agronomic character;orrelation analysis;yield perplant
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