植物修复是解决矿区废弃地复垦问题的有效途径之一，铜矿废弃地含有高浓度铜，但铜超富集植物尤其是园林草本植物的种类非常有限，因此其复垦难度较大，急需挖掘能应用于铜矿废弃地的植物。本研究对夏佛塔雪轮(Silene schafta)、紫露草(Tradescantia reflexa)、中华山蓼(Oxyria sinensis)用于铜矿废弃地复垦的可行性进行试验探索。人工模拟铜矿废弃地土壤特征，采用控制变量法，根据三者的铜胁迫响应能力、富集能力、铜转运系数等数据进行对比分析。结果表明：在1000 mg/kg土壤铜浓度下，铜胁迫的耐性指数为：紫露草＞中华山蓼＞夏佛塔雪轮，表明紫露草和中华山蓼对铜胁迫耐性较强，而夏佛塔雪轮对铜胁迫较敏感；与地上部生物量相比，三者地下部生物量均对铜胁迫更为敏感，因此考核时应重点关注地下部分的生物量。根据三者的铜胁迫的耐性与富集特征，结合其观赏效果进行综合评分，最终得出其可行性依次为：紫露草＞中华山蓼＞夏佛塔雪轮。该研究结果将为铜矿废弃地的复垦再利用和园林植物景观构建提供参考。
Abstract
Phytoremediation is one of the best way to solve reclamation of wastelands, copper- ore wastelands contains high concentrations of Cu, which makes it difficult for reclamation, and the quantity of reported hyperaccumulation plants is limited, especially ornamental herb plants. The author carried out a test on 3 kinds of ornamental herb plants, such as Silene schafta, Tradescantia reflexa and Oxyria sinensis, to explore the feasibility of reclamation of abandoned copper-ore by imitating the feature of abandoned copper-ore, and adopted controlling variable factor to analyze and compare the transfer factor, enrichment coefficient and tolerance index of each plant. The results indicated that the tolerance index was T. reflexa＞O. sinensis＞S. schafta, which manifested T. reflexa and O. sinensis had higher tolerance, while S. schafta was more sensitive to copper stress. Compared with aboveground biomass, underground biomass was more sensitive, so the tolerance index of underground biomass should be highlighted when conducting evaluation of the characteristics of copper stress tolerance of plants. A comprehensive score was obtained by considering the tolerance, enrichment characteristics and the ornamental effect, the feasibility of the three plants applied to copper- ore wastelands ranked: T. reflexa＞O. sinensis＞S. schafta. The study results might offer reference for the comprehensive usage of copper-ore wastelands.
关键词
铜矿复垦； 园林植物； 可行性评价
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Key words
copper-ore reclamation; ornamental plant; feasibility evaluation
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