根据国际植物营养研究所东南地区合作研究项目近10年来（2001—2010年）的田间试验、示范、调查和中国农业年鉴的统计数据对该地区水稻和油菜2种主要农作物的产量及产品价格变化情况、商品肥料价格变化情况、水稻和油菜种植的纯收益变化情况进行了分析。分析结果表明，10年间水稻和油菜产量上升了9.2%~31%，产品价格上升了80%~90.9%，同时商品NPK肥料价格上升了48.1%~236.8%，纯收益上升了42%~412.3%。在此基础上对将来肥料和产品价格的变化进行了估算和预测，结果表明产品价格对水稻和油菜种植经济效益的影响最显著，与之相比，肥料价格变化的影响要小得多。因此，建议在肥料使用中更要关注如何进行合理配方，科学施用，提高施肥效益，不必过于在乎肥料价格的高低。
Abstract
Based on the results from the field experiments, demonstration plots and investigations that supported by IPNI China Program in southeast region of China and the data from the Year Book of Chinese agricultural Statistics during 2001-2010, the authors investigated the changes of rice and rapeseed yields and prices, commercial fertilizer prices and the net benefits of rice and rapeseed planting. The results indicated that the yields of rice and rapeseed increased 9.2%-31%, product prices increased 80%-90.9%, NPK commercial fertilizer prices increased 48.1%-236.8%, while net benefit increased 42%-412.3% respectively within the 10 years. We also estimated the changes of net benefits from rice and rapeseed planting with the changes of products and fertilizer prices, the results showed that product price is the most important factor that affecting crop planting net benefit, while commercial fertilizer price shows much less effect on crop planting net benefit compared with product price. Therefore, the authors suggest that we should pay more attention on rational and scientific fertilization and increase fertilizing efficiency in agriculture, no necessary to too care the fertilizer price in ear future.
关键词
水稻； 油菜； 产量； 肥料； 价格； 效益
{{custom_keyword}} /
Key words
rice; rapeseed; yield; fertilizer; price; benefit
{{custom_keyword}} /
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 刘冬碧,熊桂云,张继铭,等.湖北省粮食主产区土壤养分的空间变异性研究[J].湖北农业科学,2007,46(6):904-907.
[2] 邹娟,鲁剑巍,陈防,等.氮磷钾硼肥施用对长江流域油菜产量及经济效益的影响[J].作物学报,2009,35(1):87-92.
[3] 鲁剑巍,陈防,刘冬碧,等.成土母质及土壤质地对油菜施钾效果的研究[J].湖北农业科学,2001(6):42-43.
[4] 陈防,郑圣先.中国南方作物高效施钾技术的研究进展[J].土壤肥料,2004(6):28-32.
[5] 鲁剑巍,陈防,刘冬碧,等.钾素水平对油菜酶活性的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2002(1):62-63,67.
[6] 陈防,刘冬碧,熊桂云,等.中亚热带两种水稻土土壤养分空间变异的对比研究[J].土壤学报,2006,43(4):688-692.
[7] 刘冬碧,范先鹏,杨利,等.江汉平原水稻肥水管理现状与技术对策[J].湖北农业科学,2010,49(8):1831-1835.
[8] 汤雷雷,万开元,李祖章,等.施肥模式对双季稻产量、养分吸收及经济效益的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(2):259-268.
[9] 中国农业年鉴编辑委员会编.中国农业年鉴(2001-2011) [M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001-2011.
[10] 吕玉虎.豫南稻区水稻缓/控释肥应用效果研究[J].中国农学通报, 2012,28(9):97-101.
[11] 仇少君,赵士诚,苗建国,等.氮素运筹对两个晚稻品种产量及其主要构成因素的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(6):1326- 1335.
[12] 王素萍,李小坤,鲁剑巍,等.施用控释尿素对油菜籽产量、氮肥利用率及土壤无机氮含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(6): 1449-1456.
[13] 杜加银,茹美,倪吾钟.减氮控磷稳钾施肥对水稻产量及养分积累的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):523-533.
[14] 王寅,李雅颖,鲁剑巍,等.栽培模式对直播油菜生长、产量和养分吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(3):597-607.
[15] 鲁剑巍,陈防,刘冬碧,等.根据土壤速效钾确定油菜钾肥推荐用量的研究[J].湖北农业科学,2001(5):46-48.
[16] 郑圣先,陈防.中国南方地区作物高效施钾技术的研究[A].土壤钾素肥力评价与钾肥合理施用国际学术讨论会论文集[C].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,2004:227-233.
[17] Chen F, Wan K Y, Tao Y, et al. Progress and strategy for rice nutrition management in China[A]. Proceedings of Plant nutrition Management in Sustainable Agriculture, Jiangxi People’ s Publish House,2008:19-25.
[18] Chen F, Sam P, Jin J Y, Improving rice quality through crop and resource management[A] Mew TW, Brar DS, Peng S, Dawe D, Hardy B. 2003. Rice science: innovations and impact for livelihood [C]. Proceedings of the International Rice Research Conference, Beijing, China,2002:479-486.
[19] Li X K, Lu J W, Wu L S, et al.The difference of potassium dynamics between yellowish red soil and yellow cinnamon soil under rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)-rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation [J]. Plant and Soil,2009(320):141-151.
[20] 王伟妮,鲁剑巍,陈防,等.湖北省水稻施肥效果及肥料利用率现状研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(2):289-295.
{{custom_fnGroup.title_cn}}
脚注
{{custom_fn.content}}
