探讨福建省花生品种的亲缘关系和主要性状的遗传改良，为今后花生新品种选育和引种工作提供依据。对福建省开始开展花生品种审定工作至今审（认）定的29个花生品种进行系谱和共祖先度（或称亲本系数）分析以及主要性状遗传改良分析。结果表明，这29个花生品种共涉及38个直接亲本，92.11%来自广东和福建省，其中‘汕油523’、‘粤油92’、‘泉花10号’、‘泉花327’的利用频率较高；这些审（认）定品种系谱分析可追溯到47个祖先亲本，74.47%来自省外地方品种和国外引进品种，但只有8个祖先亲本利用频率较高；主要由2个系谱树组成，‘粤油92’、‘泉花10号’、‘汕油523’、‘泉花327’是福建省审（认）定品种直接的骨干亲本。共祖先度分析进一步了解品种群内亲缘关系的远近。随着年代的推后，审（认）定品种的大多数主要性状得到了改良，百果重、百仁重对提高花生产量起了重要的作用。福建省审（认）定的花生品种其遗传基础较为狭窄；系谱分析可充分了解品种的亲缘关系，而共祖先度（或亲本系数）则可从量上进一步说明两者间亲缘关系的远近，相宜得彰。品种产量性状的改良应协调好与单株结果数、果仁大小、出仁率、以及植株性状等性状的关系。
Abstract
The genetic relationship and genetic improvement of main traits of peanut cultivars registered in Fujian were investigated to provide the foundation for new cultivars breeding and introduction for future. The paper analyzed the pedigree, coancestry coefficients (coefficient of parentage) and genetic improvement of main traits of 29 peanut cultivars which were registered in Fujian when began to carry out validation work so far. Results showed that, the 29 peanut cultivars involving in 38 direct parent which 92.11% been from Guangdong Province and Fujian Province, and ‘Shanyou 523’, ‘Yueyou 92’, ‘Quanhua10’, ‘Quanhua 327’ were higher frequency utilization. Pedigree analysis of the registered cultivars could be traced back to 47 ancestors parents, which 74.47% been from foreign landraces and overseas cultivars, but just only 8 parental ancestors were higher frequency utilization. Composed mainly by two genealogical trees, ‘Yueyou92’, ‘Quanhua10’, ‘Shanyou523’, ‘Quanhua327’ registered in Fujian were given directly to the backbone parental. Coancestry coefficients analysis further understand breed kinship distance within the cultivars group. With the era pushed back, most of the main traits of registered cultivars had been improved, 100-pod weight, 100-kernel weight played an important role in improving peanut production. The genetic base of peanut cultivars registered in Fujian was rather narrow, so pedigree analysis could fully understand the genetic relationship of cultivars, and coancestry coefficients (coefficient of parentage) could further explain the genetic relationship distance in quality. Yield improvement should coordinate with the No. of pods per plant, pod and kernel size, shelling percentage and plant traits.
关键词
花生； 亲缘关系； 共祖先度； 主要性状； 遗传改良
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Key words
peanut; genetic relationship; coancestry coefficients; main traits; genetic improvement
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