【研究目的】新疆阿克苏地区是我国重要的产棉基地，探究人为可控的物化投入对提高棉花产量的影响有着重要意义；【方法】以阿克苏市和库车县作为研究对象，利用两地1988-2009年的棉花产量和物化投入资料进行统计分析；【结果】阿克苏地区的棉花单产和物化投入（单位面积化肥施用量、单位面积农业机械总动力、单位面积农村用电量）均呈逐年增加趋势，但近年物化投入的边际棉花产量开始下降；该地区综合物化投入指数每增加1%，棉花单产增加约5.4~5.5 kg/hm2；【结论】现应科学合理地分配物化投入量，适当调整投入比例，以促进阿克苏地区的棉花产业得到进一步的发展。

【Objective】The Aksu District, Xinjiang is an important cotton region in China. It’s important to study the impacts of controllable materialized inputs on cotton yield;【Method】Based on the statistical data of cotton production from 1988 to 2009 in Aksu City and Kuqa County, the influence of materialized inputs on cotton yield in Aksu District of Xinjiang were analyzed through mathematic statistic method;【Result】The cotton yield and materialized inputs (fertilizer application amounts per unit planting area, gross agricultural machinery power per unit planting area, rural electric power per unit planting area) increased year by year, but the marginal cotton yield had been reduced in recent years with the increased amount of materialized inputs. When materialized index increased by 1%, the cotton yield increased by 5.4-5.5 kg/hm2.【Conclusion】Nowadays, it is imperative to distribute scientific and reasonable materialized inputs and adjust the investment proportion for the further development of cotton industry in Aksu District.