为了在流域尺度上揭示21世纪最初10年松花江流域的土地利用变化的方向和强度,笔者基于2000年、2005年和2010年3期Landsat ETM卫星遥感数据,对松花江流域土地利用信息进行提取,并通过对比各子流域在不同时间序列上的差异揭示流域土地利用空间格局和时空变化。结果表明:2000—2010年,流域内湿地面积严重萎缩,其中嫩江水系湿地减少的最为明显。建设用地的面积显著增加,且3个子流域的建设用地面积均呈增加的趋势,其中第二松花江增长的速度最快,2010年比2000年增加了11.52%。整个流域的耕地面积稍有增加,但空间差异明显,表现为嫩江子流域耕地面积显著增加,而松花江干流和第二松花江流域耕地面积减少。在流域尺度上,土地利用转化过程中湿地-耕地、耕地-建设用地的转换较为剧烈,林地具有相对较高的保留率。空间上,土地利用转化强度较大的主要是嫩江中下游平原区和松花江干流下游入河口的平原地区,嫩江子流域各地类间的交叉转换频繁,且各1级地类内部的转化也较多,而松花江干流的转化主要在个别地类。
Abstract
In order to uncover the change direction and extent of land use in Songhua River Basin in the first decade of 21th century at larger scale, the author analyzed land-use characteristics in Songhua River Basin using remote sensing (RS) maps of 2000, 2005 and 2010, respectively. Based on RS-derived maps, three change matrices were constructed for detecting land-use change between 2000 and 2005, between 2005 and 2010, 2000 and 2010 through overlay analysis. Three sub-basins were compared during different time periods to analyze spatial pattern and spatial-temporal variation of land use in the basin. The outcomes indicated that wetland greatly decreased slightly from 2000 to 2010, especially in Nen River. In contrast, land for construction greatly increased in the same period, and all three sub-basins present the trend of increasing, especially which of the Second Songhua River, increased by 11.52%. Farmland slightly increased from 2000 to 2010, but significant different were identified among three sub-basins. Farmland in Nen River obviously increased, but decreased in two other sub-basins. The dynamic conversion process of land use was dominated by wetland-cultivated land and cultivated land-construction land. The forestland had relative high retention rates. In spatial scale, the types of land use mainly were changed in the upstream plains of Nen River and downstream plains of Songhua River mainstream. The results also indicated that: the cross conversion in the Nen River frequently occurred among the types of land use, and a large part of internal conversion in the Ⅰ categories of land use had happened. But conversion occurred among only a few the types of land use in the Songhua River mainstream.
关键词
松花江流域;土地利用变化;空间格局;时空变化
{{custom_keyword}} /
Key words
Songhua River Basin; land use change; spatial pattern; spatial-temporal variation
{{custom_keyword}} /
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] Hostert P, Kuemmerle T, Prishchepov A, et al. Rapid land use change after socio- economic disturbances: the collapse of the Soviet Union versus Chernobyl[J].Environmental Research Letters, 2011,6(4):1-8.
[2] Lambin E F, Meyfroidt P. Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming land scarcity[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2011,108(9):3465-3472.
[3] Sala O E, Chapin F S, Armesto J J, et al. Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100[J].science,2000,287(5459):1770-1774.
[4] Houghton R A, Hackler J L, Lawrence K T. The US carbon budget: contributions from land-use change[J].Science,1999,285(5427):574- 578.
[5] Lambin E F, Turner B L, Geist H J, et al. The causes of land- use and land- cover change: moving beyond the myths[J].Global environmental change,2001,11(4):261-269.
[6] Bhaduri B, Harbor J, Engel B, et al. Assessing watershed- scale, long-term hydrologic impacts of land-use change using a GIS-NPS mode[J].Environmental Management,2000,26(6):643-658.
[7] Serra P, Pons X, Sauri D. Land- cover and land- use change in a Mediterranean landscape: a spatial analysis of driving forces integrating biophysical and human factors[J].Applied Geography, 2008,2008(3):189-209.
[8] 龚文峰,孔达,范文义,等.松花江流域哈尔滨段土地利用时空格局演变特征分析[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(8):249-255.
[9] Long H, Tang G, Li X, et al. Socio-economic driving forces of landuse change in Kunshan, the Yangtze River Delta economic area of China[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2007,83(3):351- 364.
[10] 欧维新,杨桂山,李恒鹏,等.苏北盐城海岸带景观格局时空变化及驱动力分析[J].地理科学,2004,24(5):610-615.
[11] Ho S P S, Lin G C S. Converting Land to Nonagricultural Use in China’s Coastal Provinces Evidence from Jiangsu[J].Modern China, 2004,30(1):81-112.
[12] 崔功豪,马润潮.中国自下而上城市化的发展及其机制[J].地理学报,1999,54(2):106-115.
[13] 安娜,高乃云,刘长娥.中国湿地的退化原因, 评价及保护[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(5):821-828.
[14] 王继富,刘兴土,陈建军.大庆市湿地退化的生态表征与保护对策研究[J].湿地科学,2005,3(2):143-148.
[15] 罗继生,刘新宇,郑洪升.浅谈嫩江中下游地区土地资源现状及可持续利用[J].防护林科技,2005,67(4):60-61.
[16] 水利部松辽流域委员会.2005 年松辽流域水资源公报[R].长春:水利部松辽流域委员会,2005.
[17] 王士君,王丹,宋飏.东北老工业基地城市群组结构和功能优化的初步研究[J].地理科学,2008,28(1):15-21.
{{custom_fnGroup.title_cn}}
脚注
{{custom_fn.content}}