为了深入掌握山东省不同地形特征下各地入季时间和四季天数的变化规律，运用山东省115个气象站1961—2010年逐日气温观测资料，结合气候趋势系数，以5天滑动平均气温作为划分依据，对山东省近50年的入季时间、四季天数及其时空变化特征进行分析。结果表明：鲁西北、鲁中和鲁南四季年代际变化特征相似，半岛地区入春和入夏时间明显晚于其他地区，夏季明显比其他地区短，冬季则更长。21世纪以前，各地入季时间和四季天数年代际变化不明显，进入21世纪以来，山东各地入春和入夏时间提早，入秋和入冬时间变化不大，夏季明显延长，冬季明显缩短。近50年来，山东省各地入春时间极显著提早，入秋推迟，入夏和入冬时间变化不显著。除半岛外各地春季天数极显著延长，冬季天数显著缩短，除半岛夏季外，其他地区夏季和秋季天数变化不明显。
Abstract
In order to master the characteristics of the beginning dates and length of four seasons in each region of Shandong Province, the daily average temperature data at 115 meteorological stations in Shandong Province in 1961 to 2010 were selected. Using the methods of climate trending rate, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of the average beginning dates and length of four seasons had been analyzed. The results showed that: decadal variation of four seasons was similar in northwest Shandong, middle Shandong and south Shandong. The averaged beginning dates of spring and summer in Shandong peninsula area was obviously later than others. Annual length of summer in Shandong peninsula area was obviously shorter than others, annual length of winter was longer. Before 2000, the decadal variation of beginning dates and length in each Shandong area were not obvious. After 2000, the average beginning dates of spring and summer were early in each Shandong area, of autumn and winter were similar. The average length of summer was longer and of winter was shorter. In recent 50 years, the beginning dates of spring was highly significantly earlier, of autumn was postpone, of summer and winter were not notable in each Shandong area. The length of spring was highly significantly longer in each Shandong area except Shandong peninsula area, of winter was significantly shorter and variation of the length of summer and autumn were not obviously except summer of Shandong peninsula area.
关键词
山东省； 入季时间； 四季天数； 变化趋势
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Key words
Shandong Province; season beginning dates; season length; variation characteristics
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