油菜是我国最主要的油料作物，在人民日常生活及工业生产中都占有重要地位。本文综述了植物油脂合成的生物化学过程，介绍了目前通过基因工程技术提高油菜种子含油量的三个主要途径和取得的成效，以及基因工程技术在油菜油酸、芥酸及月桂酸等脂肪酸品质改良研究方面的最新进展，同时对基因工程技术在油菜油脂研究中的发展趋势进行了展望。

As the most important oil crop in China, rapeseed plays an important role both in our daily life and industrial production. In this paper, the biochemical process of seed oil synthesis, three main ways and the progress of improving oil content by genetic engineering techniques in rapeseed were reviewed. The paper also introduced the latest research advances of genetic engineering techniques which used in improving the quality of rape fatty acids，such as oleic acid, erucic acid and lauric acid. In addition, the application tendency of genetic engineering techniques in rapeseed oil was discussed.