为了了解堆肥过程中微生物群落的动态变化。本研究综述了目前广泛应用于堆肥研究中的分子生物学技术，包括变性梯度凝胶电泳/温度梯度凝胶电泳、单链构象多态性、末端限制性长度多态性、扩增性限制性酶切片段分析/限制性片段长度多态性、随机扩增多态性DNA等技术的原理、方法与技巧、应用过程中容易产生的问题及可能克服的办法。得出结论在堆肥过程的研究中，应充分利用传统培养方法与分子生物学技术相结合，跟踪堆肥过程中重要菌群的变化、演替规律，以便更全面的深入认识堆肥过程的本质，为堆肥技术和工艺的研究提供理论依据。

In order to understanding the dynamic change of microbial communities during composting process, this research summarized molecular biotechnologies widely used in composting, including principles, methods and skills, problems and countermeasures during the application of DGGE/TGGE, SSCP, T-RFLP, ARDRA/RFLP, RAPD technology. In conclusion, we should made full use of traditional culture and molecular biology techniques to discuss succession rules of important flora during composting. The objective of this study was to comprehensive understanding nature of composting process, and providing scientific basis and theoretical guidance for the research of compost technology and process.