旱稻具有耐旱、耐贫瘠、适应性广等特点，是稻作育种中的一种特殊的遗传资源。为了更好地利用旱稻种质资源指导稻作育种，采用RAPD分子标记技术对49份旱稻种质（24份海南山栏稻，4份热大系列，21份其他地区旱稻）的遗传基础进行分析。结果表明，利用筛选出的22条多态性较强的引物，构建了49份旱稻种质的RAPD指纹图谱，这22条引物共扩增出375个条带，多态性条带为306条，其多态性为81.60%。参试的49份旱稻种质的遗传相似系数变化范围在0.546~0.952，平均为0.828。聚类分析表明，随着相似系数品种结合线的不同，可将参试的旱稻种质中海南山栏稻与其他地区的种质、大部分旱稻与水旱杂交稻、中国旱稻种质与国外旱稻种质区分开来，第C类海南山栏稻与第D类其他地区种亲缘关系最近，而与第Ⅰ大类亲缘关系较远。多数的品种的RAPD聚类结果与系谱基本吻合。该研究可为稻作种质鉴定及新品种选育等方面提供一定的分子生物学依据。

Upland rice with drought tolerance, poor, and wide adaptability, is a special genetic resources of rice breeding. In order to make the better use of upland rice resources for rice breeding, 49 accessions of upland rice germplasm (25 accessions of Hainan shanlan upland rice, 4 accessions of hybrid rice, 20 accessions of others area upland rice) were analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). 22 primers were selected and used to establish the RAPD fingerprints of the germplasm. There were 375 bands of totle, 306 polymorphism bands and were accounting for 81.60%. The RAPD data were clustered using UPGMA method. The genetic similarity coefficients among 49 germplasm ranged from 0.546 to 0.952 with a mean of 0.828. Based on the difference of the similarity coefficient, the upland rice could be distinguished among Hainan shanlan upland rice and other areas of germplasm, upland and RD rice, upland rice of china and foreign. The similarity between the C class and the D class were the nearest, and followed by the Ⅰ class in the order from near to far. Clustering based on RAPD showed that the groupings of most cultivars were corresponded to their pedigrees. The study will provide molecular basis for the breeding, germplasm analysis of Upland Rice.