为了发掘利用黄褐棉的优异基因并用以改良陆地棉纤维品质，通过陆地棉与黄褐棉种间杂交构建了一套回交高世代群体，通过标记辅助选择及纤维品质鉴定选出3个近等基因系。结果表明，所选的近等基因系遗传背景与陆地棉亲本基本相同，仅在少数几条染色体上具备黄褐棉渐渗片段，这些渐渗片段主要集中分布于1号、14号以及19号染色体。3个近等基因系的纤维强度表现突出，纤维细度优良，有望通过精细定位发现控制纤维强度及麦克隆值的QTL，同时这3个近等基因系可以作为种质资源供纤维强度和细度改良育种应用。

In order to exploit elite genes from Gossypium mustelinum so as to improve fiber quality of Upland cotton (G. hirsutum), a set of advanced backcross population was constructed by interspecific crossing between G. mustelinum and G. hirsutum. Based on marker-assisted selection and identification of fiber quality performance, three near-isogenic lines (NILs) were selected from this set of advanced backcross population, which had almost the same genetic background as the recurrent G. hirsutum parent, except for a few introgression segments of G. mustelinum mainly distributed on chromosome 1, chromosome 14 and chromosome 19. The NILs had elite fiber strength and fiber fineness, which provided great opportunities to detect QTLs controlling fiber strength and micronaire value via fine mapping; meanwhile, these NILs could be released as germplasm to improve fiber strength and fineness in cotton breeding.