甘蔗宿根矮化病（Ratoon Stunting Disease，RSD）是中国蔗区的一种主要甘蔗病害，影响甘蔗产量、蔗糖分及宿根蔗年限，也是导致甘蔗品种种性退化的重要原因之一，具有较严重的经济危害性。笔者应用实验室建立的甘蔗宿根矮化病菌PCR检测技术对一级或二级健康种苗圃种苗进行甘蔗宿根矮化病监测，以明确各级种苗圃宿根矮化病发生情况，为指导生产提供科学数据。检测结果为‘粤糖00-236’和‘ROC22’新植一级和二级健康种苗圃均未检测出RSD，宿根一级健康种苗圃RSD检测率分别为20%和5%，各级健康种苗圃RSD总检出率分别为6.7%和2%，分别较其普通种茎苗RSD检出率降低86.6个百分点和68个百分点。结果表明，建立的甘蔗健康种苗圃已有效地去除了甘蔗RSD病菌。

Ratoon stunting (RSD) is a major disease of sugarcane affecting sugarcane yield, sucrose and ratoon sugarcane years, and one of the important reasons of sexual degradation, causing seriously economic loss. In this paper, in order to investigate the occurrence of ratoon stunting disease at all levels and to provide scientific guidance for the nursery plantlets production, an established ratoon stunting virus PCR detection technology was used to monitor ratoon stunting disease-free seed production of plantlets or nursery seedlings, The results showed that RSD were not detected in the nursery in the new kinds of primary and secondary health plantlets, like ‘YT00-236’ and ‘ROC22’, while RSD detection rates in nursery perennial species of a health were 20% and 5%, respectively. In addition, RSD detection rates at all levels of health of the total species of nursery were 6.7% and 2%, which were reduced by 86.6% and 68%, respectively, compared with the common stem seedlings. Thus, our results indicated that the RSD bacteria had been effectively removed in the established nursery healthy sugarcane plantlets.