野生稻遗传资源是水稻育种的关键遗传材料，中国的少数民族地区分布着丰富的野生稻遗传资源。评述了野生稻遗传资源研究和利用的重要意义，从优秀种质资源的评价与鉴定、种质资源优异基因的定位和鉴定、及遗传资源多样性研究等方面综述了中国少数民族地区野生稻遗传资源的研究情况，并重点结合水稻常规育种和杂交育种，简述了中国少数民族地区野生稻遗传资源的利用情况。提出现代分子生物学技术的发展将进一步推进少数民族地区野生稻遗传资源的研究与利用工作。

Adapting to diversified natural environment in the long evolution process, wild rice has evolved rich genetic diversity and many superior characteristics including stresses tolerance, good quality and male sterility, which make wild rice the ideal genetic materials in rice breeding. The wild rice species in China mainly grow in ethical areas such as Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou. In fact, wild rice domestication and rice culturing have long been important components of ethical traditional culture. A lot of studies have been performed on evaluation of genetic resources, identification of excellent traits related genes and analysis of genetic diversity of wild rice in ethical areas. Some good characteristics related genes in wild rice have been introduced into the rice cultivars using the classic and modern breeding technologies, leading to elevated productivity and stress tolerance. With the advance of modern molecular biology, research and utilization of rice genetic resources in ethical area of China will be greatly deepened in future.