鉴于中国地下水硝酸盐污染状况严重，如何预防与治理意义非常重大；为了更好地借鉴欧美发达国家预防治理地下水硝酸盐污染的成功经验，文章在大量检索国外相关科技文献基础上，采用文献研究法对欧美地下水硝酸盐污染状况、预防措施及治理方法进行了比较分析；结果表明欧美地下水硝酸盐污染状况普遍存在、相关法律规则制定全面而且较为注重污染发生前的监测与预防工作。污染的治理因地制宜，对于小范围污染常用的硝酸盐清除技术主要有离子交换法、反向渗透法和生物脱氮法等；对于大面积污染运用的较多的是针对含水土层进行原位脱氮技术，主要包括在水井中添加液体有机碳化合物或者是在地下利用含有有机碳的材料制作渗透反应墙来进行硝酸盐去除。

In view of the situation of the nitrate pollution in ground water nitrate in China is grave, how to control it is very important. In order to use the experience of developed countries for reference, on the basis of searching a lot of foreign information, making use of documents compare method，the situation of the nitrate pollution in ground water and its preventive measures and control methods were described in this article. There are indications that the nitrate pollution in ground water in European and American is general, laws and regulations are overall and preventive measures before pollution is very important. Nitrate remediation was suited measures to local conditions. Treatment methods commonly available to small areas to reduce nitrate levels, including anion exchange, reverse osmosis and bio-denitrification etc. The stimulation of in situ denitrification in aquifers is another approach to nitrate remediation that has been implemented, particularly in Europe. A second approach to in situ denitrification is the use of permeable reactive subsurface barriers amended with organic carbon solids.