摘 要：遗传多样性作为生物多样性的重要组成部分，是生态系统多样性和物种多样性的基础。白木香是中国、日本、印度以及其他东南亚国家的传统名贵药材和名贵天然香料，具有极高的经济价值，研究其遗传多样性具有重要的理论和实践意义。介绍了白木香的资源分布情况，从形态学水平、细胞学水平、生化水平、分子水平综述了白木香种质资源遗传多样性的研究进展，总体而言，白木香具有较高的遗传变异水平。并针对白木香种质资源研究中存在的问题提出建议与展望，以期为进一步研究白木香资源提供借鉴与参考。

Abstract: As an important part of biodiversity, genetic diversity is the basis of species diversity and ecosystem diversity. Aquilaria sinensis (Loureiro) Sprengel is precious traditional medicine and natural perfume, the economic value is very high, understanding its genetic diversity is critical for both theory and application. The distribution and research on genetic diversity of Aquilaria sinensis (Loureiro) Sprengel from different levels including morphology, cytology, biochemistry and molecule were reviewed. Generally, the genetic diversity of Aquilaria sinensis (Loureiro) Sprengel is high. Some emergent questions and tendencies are presented and discussed in this paper, aiming to supply reference to the further research.