研究长期不同施肥对农田生态系统土壤微生物的影响，为合理培肥提供理论支持。依托红壤旱地长期定位试验，取样分析土壤可培养细菌、真菌及防线菌含量。表明有机肥的长期施入增加了土壤可培养细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量。磷肥有助于土壤可培养细菌的生长，氮肥有助于真菌的生长，抑制好气性自生固氮菌的生长。土壤不平衡施肥对土壤微生物的生物量有很大的影响，对好气性纤维素分解菌的生长起抑制作用。施用有机肥有助于改善土壤微生物的生态结构，保持土壤微生物的生态环境，提高农田生态系统生产功能。

Effect of long term fertilization on the growth of soil microbe in agro-ecosystem was studied, which were provided the theoretic sustainability for the rational fertilizer. The soil samples were collected from the long term in-sit experiment in upland red soil. The content of cultivable bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the soil were analyzed. The results showed that the amount of cultivable bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in soil were increased under long term application of organic manure. Application of phosphorus promoted the growth of cultivable bacteria. Applications of nitrogen fertilizer accelerate the growth of fungi, but restrain the growth of aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Imbalance fertilization restrained biomass of the soil microbe especially the growth of aerobic cellulose-decomposing bacteria. Application of organic manure was promote to the framework of the soil microbe and was promote to manage the environments of the soil microbe, which improved the production of farmland ecosystem.