摘 要：化肥的使用对提高作物产量发挥了巨大作用，但由于其用量的不断增加和不合理施用等引发的与土壤质量有关的问题日益凸显。土壤质量是实现农业可持续发展的重要前提，是土壤肥力质量、土壤环境质量和土壤健康质量三个组分的综合集成。本文结合大量文献资料，对长期施用化肥条件下土壤理化性状、营养元素、有机物质和生物学活性的演变，以及重金属和硝酸盐引起的土壤污染进行了分析，指出应因地制宜发展生态农业，将土壤质量上升到农业可持续发展的高度加以重视。

Abstract: The chemical fertilizers uses play an important role in promoting crop production. But the negative effects on soil quality have come out day by day with the increasing and unreasonable uses of chemical fertilizers. Soil quality is the important premise of the agricultural sustainable development, and it is the comprehensive integration of the quality of soil fertility, soil environment and soil health. According to the numerous documentations, the authors analyzed the evolution of physical and chemical properties, nutritive elements, organic substance and biologic activity of soil, and the soil contamination caused by heavy metal and nitrate on the condition of long-term uses of chemical fertilizers. The results showed that the eco-agriculture which is suitable for local conditions should be developed. At the same time, the soil quality must be highly valued as an important part of the agricultural sustainable development.