采用微生物培养法研究NPK配施对云南省丘北辣椒旺盛生长期、开花座果期和盛果期土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌、自生固氮菌、纤维分解菌、钾细菌、有机磷细菌和无机磷细菌数量的影响，对不同类群微生物数量进行相关分析，结果表明：NPK配施增加辣椒旺盛生长期的8类土壤微生物，开花座果期的土壤细菌、自生固氮菌、钾细菌和有机磷细菌，盛果期的土壤真菌、自生固氮菌和钾细菌的数量。N︰P2O5︰K2O比例为12︰10︰14的处理增加的辣椒土壤微生物数量最多。NPK配施增强丘北辣椒土壤不同类群微生物数量间的相关性，其中，自生固氮菌和纤维分解菌呈极显著正相关，自生固氮菌和纤维分解菌均与钾细菌呈极显著负相关，有机磷细菌与其它生理类群微生物呈极显著正或负相关。

Effects of combined application of N, P, K on the quantity of soil bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, azotobacter, cellulose-decomposing bacteria, potassium bacteria, organic phosphate-dissolving bacteria and Inorganic phosphate-dissolving bacteria in Qiubei pepper field of Yunnan Province were studied by microbial cultivation in pepper’s bloom-growth, blossom and fruit period. The correlation analysis of quantity was carried out between different microorganisms. The results showed as follows: The quantity of this 8 group soil microorganisms in bloom-growth period, soil bacteria, azotobacter, potassium bacteria and organic phosphate-dissolving bacteri in blossom period, soil fungi, azotobacter and potassium bacteria in fruit period of Qiubei pepper were enhanced by combined application of N, P, K. The quantity of soil microorganisms was enhanced mostly when N︰P2O5︰K2O was 12︰10︰14. The correlations between different group microorganisms were strengthened by combined application of N, P, K. There was a very significant positive correlation between the quantity of azotobacter and cellulose-decomposing bacteria, negative correlation between azotobacter, cellulose-decomposing bacteria and potassium bacteria, positive or negative correlation between organic phosphate-dissolving bacteria and other physiological microorganisms.