摘 要：对近等基因系进行遗传背景检测，有利于选育高质量的近等基因系材料。试验以17个小麦K型不育系恢复基因的近等基因系（N1-N17）和轮回亲本不育系豫麦3号为材料，通过调查这些材料的株高、成穗数、旗叶长、旗叶宽、倒二叶长、脖长、倒一节长、倒二节长、穗长、小穗数等10个农艺性状，对恢复基因恢复基因近等基因系的农艺性状进行了差异比较和聚类分析。结果表明，连续回交5代后，回交后代与轮回亲本在形态性状上表现出较高的一致性，其中N14、 N1 、N7 、N16 和N15与不育系豫麦3号的性状差异较小，在欧氏距离为5.2处把它们聚在同一类，但从各性状的变异系数看，N7和N15自身的变异较大，所以N14、 N1和N16 与不育系豫麦3号具有较好的近等性。

Abstract: The characterization of genetic backgrounds is favorable to select good near-isogenic lines (NILs). Seventeen Near-isogenic lines (N1-N17) for fertility restorer genes of K-type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in wheat were bred By successive backcrossing and individual selection，and their agronomic characters such as plant height, spike number per plant, length of the flag leaf, width of the flag leaf, length of the second leaf under spike, neck length, length of the first joint under spike, length of the second joint under spike, spike length and spikelet number were measured. Genetic difference comparisons between the NILs and the K-type sterile line and clustering analysis were carried out in this paper. The results indicated that the genetic backgrounds of 17 NILs were highly accordant to that of the sterile line after 5 successive backcrossing. N14, N1, N7, N16, N15 and the sterile line Yumai 3 were classed into the same group, but N1 and N15 had greater variation, so N14, N7 and N16 were better NILs.